/*****************************************************************************
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one                *
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file              *
 * distributed with this work for additional information                     *
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file                *
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the                         *
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance                *
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at                *
 *                                                                           *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                            *
 *                                                                           *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,                *
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an               *
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY                    *
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the                 *
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations                   *
 * under the License.                                                        *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of the BeanShell Java Scripting distribution.           *
 * Documentation and updates may be found at http://www.beanshell.org/       *
 * Patrick Niemeyer (pat@pat.net)                                            *
 * Author of Learning Java, O'Reilly & Associates                            *
 *                                                                           *
 *****************************************************************************/

package bsh;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;

/**
	BshClassManager manages all classloading in BeanShell.
	It also supports a dynamically loaded extension (bsh.classpath package)
	which allows classpath extension and class file reloading.

	Currently the extension relies on 1.2 for BshClassLoader and weak 
	references.  

	See http://www.beanshell.org/manual/classloading.html for details
	on the bsh classloader architecture.
	<p>

	Bsh has a multi-tiered class loading architecture.  No class loader is
	used unless/until the classpath is modified or a class is reloaded.
	<p>
*/
/*
	Implementation notes:

	Note: we may need some synchronization in here

	Note on version dependency:  This base class is JDK 1.1 compatible,
	however we are forced to use weak references in the full featured
	implementation (the optional bsh.classpath package) to accommodate all of
	the fleeting namespace listeners as they fall out of scope.  (NameSpaces
	must be informed if the class space changes so that they can un-cache
	names).  
	<p>

	Perhaps a simpler idea would be to have entities that reference cached
	types always perform a light weight check with a counter / reference
	value and use that to detect changes in the namespace.  This puts the 
	burden on the consumer to check at appropriate times, but could eliminate
	the need for the listener system in many places and the necessity of weak 
	references in this package.
	<p>
*/
public class BshClassManager
{
	/** 
		The interpreter which created the class manager 
		This is used to load scripted classes from source files.
	*/
	private Interpreter declaringInterpreter;
	
	/**
		An external classloader supplied by the setClassLoader() command.
	*/
	protected ClassLoader externalClassLoader;

	/**
		Global cache for things we know are classes.
		Note: these should probably be re-implemented with Soft references.
		(as opposed to strong or Weak)
	*/
    protected transient Map<String,Class> absoluteClassCache = new Hashtable<String,Class>();
	/**
		Global cache for things we know are *not* classes.
		Note: these should probably be re-implemented with Soft references.
		(as opposed to strong or Weak)
	*/
    protected transient Set<String> absoluteNonClasses = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<String>());

	/**
		Caches for resolved object and static methods.
		We keep these maps separate to support fast lookup in the general case
		where the method may be either.
	*/
	protected transient volatile Map<SignatureKey,Method> resolvedObjectMethods = new Hashtable<SignatureKey,Method>();
	protected transient volatile Map<SignatureKey,Method> resolvedStaticMethods = new Hashtable<SignatureKey,Method>();

	private transient Set<String> definingClasses = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<String>());
	protected transient Map<String,String> definingClassesBaseNames = new Hashtable<String,String>();

	private static final Map<BshClassManager,Object> classManagers = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<BshClassManager,Object>());

	static void clearResolveCache() {
		BshClassManager[] managers = (BshClassManager[])classManagers.keySet().toArray(new BshClassManager[0]);
		for( BshClassManager m : managers ) {
			m.resolvedObjectMethods = new Hashtable<SignatureKey,Method>();
			m.resolvedStaticMethods = new Hashtable<SignatureKey,Method>();
		}
	}

	/** @see #associateClass( Class ) */
	protected transient Hashtable associatedClasses = new Hashtable();

	/**
		Create a new instance of the class manager.  
		Class manager instnaces are now associated with the interpreter.

		@see bsh.Interpreter#getClassManager()
		@see bsh.Interpreter#setClassLoader( ClassLoader )
	*/
	public static BshClassManager createClassManager( Interpreter interpreter ) 
	{
		BshClassManager manager;

		// Do we have the optional package?
		if ( Capabilities.classExists("bsh.classpath.ClassManagerImpl") ) 
			try {
				// Try to load the module
				// don't refer to it directly here or we're dependent upon it
				Class clazz = Class.forName( "bsh.classpath.ClassManagerImpl" );
				manager = (BshClassManager) clazz.newInstance();
			} catch ( Exception e ) {
				throw new InterpreterError("Error loading classmanager", e);
			}
		else
			manager = new BshClassManager();

		if ( interpreter == null )
			interpreter = new Interpreter();
		manager.declaringInterpreter = interpreter;
		classManagers.put(manager,null);
		return manager;
	}

	public boolean classExists( String name ) {
		return ( classForName( name ) != null );
	}

	/**
		Load the specified class by name, taking into account added classpath
		and reloaded classes, etc.
		Note: Again, this is just a trivial implementation. 
		See bsh.classpath.ClassManagerImpl for the fully functional class
		management package.
		@return the class or null
	*/
	public Class classForName( String name ) 
	{
		if ( isClassBeingDefined( name ) )
			throw new InterpreterError(
				"Attempting to load class in the process of being defined: "
				+name );

		Class clas = null;
		try {
			clas = plainClassForName( name );
		} catch ( ClassNotFoundException e ) { /*ignore*/ }

		// try scripted class
		if ( clas == null && declaringInterpreter.getCompatibility() )
			clas = loadSourceClass( name );

		return clas;
	}

	// Move me to classpath/ClassManagerImpl???
	protected Class<?> loadSourceClass( final String name ) {
		final String fileName = "/" + name.replace('.', '/') + ".java";
		final InputStream in = getResourceAsStream( fileName );
		if ( in == null ) {
			return null;
		}
		try {
			Interpreter.debug("Loading class from source file: " + fileName);
			declaringInterpreter.eval( new InputStreamReader(in) );
		} catch ( EvalError e ) {
			if (Interpreter.DEBUG) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		try {
			return plainClassForName( name );
		} catch ( final ClassNotFoundException e ) {
			Interpreter.debug("Class not found in source file: " + name);
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
		Perform a plain Class.forName() or call the externally provided
		classloader.
		If a BshClassManager implementation is loaded the call will be 
		delegated to it, to allow for additional hooks.
		<p/>

		This simply wraps that bottom level class lookup call and provides a 
		central point for monitoring and handling certain Java version 
		dependent bugs, etc.

		@see #classForName( String )
		@return the class
	*/
	public Class plainClassForName( String name ) 
		throws ClassNotFoundException
	{
		Class c = null;

		if ( externalClassLoader != null )
			c = externalClassLoader.loadClass( name );
		else
			c = Class.forName( name );

		cacheClassInfo( name, c );

		return c;
	}

	/**
		Get a resource URL using the BeanShell classpath
		@param path should be an absolute path
	*/
	public URL getResource( String path ) 
	{
		URL url = null;
		if ( externalClassLoader != null )
		{
			// classloader wants no leading slash
			url = externalClassLoader.getResource( path.substring(1) );
		} 
		if ( url == null )
			url = Interpreter.class.getResource( path );

		return url;
	}
	/**
		Get a resource stream using the BeanShell classpath
		@param path should be an absolute path
	*/
	public InputStream getResourceAsStream( String path ) 
	{
		InputStream in = null;
		if ( externalClassLoader != null )
		{
			// classloader wants no leading slash
			in = externalClassLoader.getResourceAsStream( path.substring(1) );
		} 
		if ( in == null )
			in = Interpreter.class.getResourceAsStream( path );

		return in;
	}

	/**
		Cache info about whether name is a class or not.
		@param value 
			if value is non-null, cache the class
			if value is null, set the flag that it is *not* a class to
			speed later resolution
	*/
	public void cacheClassInfo( String name, Class value ) {
		if ( value != null )
			absoluteClassCache.put( name, value );
		else
			absoluteNonClasses.add( name );
	}

	/**
	 * Associate a persistent generated class implementation with this
	 * interpreter.  An associated class will be used in lieu of generating
	 * bytecode when a scripted class of the same name is encountered.
	 * When such a class is defined in the script it will cause the associated
	 * existing class implementation to be initialized (with the static
	 * initializer field).  This is utilized by the persistent class generator
	 * to allow a generated class to bootstrap an interpreter and rendesvous
	 * with its implementation script.
	 *
	 * Class associations currently last for the life of the class manager.
	 */
	public void associateClass( Class clas )
	{
		// TODO should check to make sure it's a generated class here
		// just need to add a method to classgenerator API to test it
		associatedClasses.put( clas.getName(), clas );
	}

	public Class getAssociatedClass( String name )
	{
		return (Class)associatedClasses.get( name );
	}

	/**
		Cache a resolved (possibly overloaded) method based on the 
		argument types used to invoke it, subject to classloader change.
		Static and Object methods are cached separately to support fast lookup
		in the general case where either will do.
	*/
	public void cacheResolvedMethod( 
		Class clas, Class [] types, Method method ) 
	{
		if ( Interpreter.DEBUG )
			Interpreter.debug(
				"cacheResolvedMethod putting: " + clas +" "+ method );
		
		SignatureKey sk = new SignatureKey( clas, method.getName(), types );
		if ( Modifier.isStatic( method.getModifiers() ) )
			resolvedStaticMethods.put( sk, method );
		else
			resolvedObjectMethods.put( sk, method );
	}

	/**
		Return a previously cached resolved method.
		@param onlyStatic specifies that only a static method may be returned.
		@return the Method or null
	*/
	protected Method getResolvedMethod( 
		Class clas, String methodName, Class [] types, boolean onlyStatic  ) 
	{
		SignatureKey sk = new SignatureKey( clas, methodName, types );

		// Try static and then object, if allowed
		// Note that the Java compiler should not allow both.
		Method method = resolvedStaticMethods.get( sk );
		if ( method == null && !onlyStatic)
			method = resolvedObjectMethods.get( sk );

		if ( Interpreter.DEBUG )
		{
			if ( method == null )
				Interpreter.debug(
					"getResolvedMethod cache MISS: " + clas +" - "+methodName );
			else
				Interpreter.debug(
					"getResolvedMethod cache HIT: " + clas +" - " +method );
		}
		return method;
	}

	/**
		Clear the caches in BshClassManager
		@see #reset() for external usage
	*/
	protected void clearCaches() 
	{
		absoluteNonClasses = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<String>());
		absoluteClassCache = new Hashtable<String,Class>();
		resolvedObjectMethods = new Hashtable<SignatureKey,Method>();
		resolvedStaticMethods = new Hashtable<SignatureKey,Method>();
	}

	/**
		Set an external class loader.  BeanShell will use this at the same 
		point it would otherwise use the plain Class.forName().
		i.e. if no explicit classpath management is done from the script
		(addClassPath(), setClassPath(), reloadClasses()) then BeanShell will
		only use the supplied classloader.  If additional classpath management
		is done then BeanShell will perform that in addition to the supplied
		external classloader.
		However BeanShell is not currently able to reload
		classes supplied through the external classloader.
	*/
	public void setClassLoader( ClassLoader externalCL ) 
	{
		externalClassLoader = externalCL;
		classLoaderChanged();
	}

	public void addClassPath( URL path )
		throws IOException {
	}

	/**
		Clear all loaders and start over.  No class loading.
	*/
	public void reset() { 
		clearCaches();
	}

	/**
		Set a new base classpath and create a new base classloader.
		This means all types change. 
	*/
	public void setClassPath( URL [] cp ) 
		throws UtilEvalError
	{
		throw cmUnavailable();
	}

	/**
		Overlay the entire path with a new class loader.
		Set the base path to the user path + base path.

		No point in including the boot class path (can't reload thos).
	*/
	public void reloadAllClasses() throws UtilEvalError {
		throw cmUnavailable();
	}

	/**
		Reloading classes means creating a new classloader and using it
		whenever we are asked for classes in the appropriate space.
		For this we use a DiscreteFilesClassLoader
	*/
	public void reloadClasses( String [] classNames )
		throws UtilEvalError 
	{
		throw cmUnavailable();
	}

	/**
		Reload all classes in the specified package: e.g. "com.sun.tools"

		The special package name "<unpackaged>" can be used to refer 
		to unpackaged classes.
	*/
	public void reloadPackage( String pack ) 
		throws UtilEvalError 
	{
		throw cmUnavailable();
	}

	/**
		This has been removed from the interface to shield the core from the
		rest of the classpath package. If you need the classpath you will have
		to cast the classmanager to its impl.

		public BshClassPath getClassPath() throws ClassPathException;
	*/

	/**
		Support for "import *;"
		Hide details in here as opposed to NameSpace.
	*/
	protected void doSuperImport() 
		throws UtilEvalError 
	{
		throw cmUnavailable();
	}

	/**
		A "super import" ("import *") operation has been performed.
	*/
	protected boolean hasSuperImport() 
	{
		return false;
	}

	/**
		Return the name or null if none is found,
		Throw an ClassPathException containing detail if name is ambigous.
	*/
	protected String getClassNameByUnqName( String name ) 
		throws UtilEvalError 
	{
		throw cmUnavailable();
	}

	public void addListener( Listener l ) { }

	public void removeListener( Listener l ) { }

	public void dump( PrintWriter pw ) { 
		pw.println("BshClassManager: no class manager."); 
	}

	/**
		Flag the class name as being in the process of being defined.
		The class manager will not attempt to load it.
	*/
	/*
		Note: this implementation is temporary. We currently keep a flat
		namespace of the base name of classes.  i.e. BeanShell cannot be in the
		process of defining two classes in different packages with the same
		base name.  To remove this limitation requires that we work through
		namespace imports in an analogous (or using the same path) as regular
		class import resolution.  This workaround should handle most cases 
		so we'll try it for now.
	*/
	protected void definingClass( String className ) {
		String baseName = Name.suffix(className,1);
		int i = baseName.indexOf("$");
		if ( i != -1 )
			baseName = baseName.substring(i+1);
		String cur = (String)definingClassesBaseNames.get( baseName );
		if ( cur != null )
			throw new InterpreterError("Defining class problem: "+className 
				+": BeanShell cannot yet simultaneously define two or more "
				+"dependent classes of the same name.  Attempt to define: "
				+ className +" while defining: "+cur 
			);
		definingClasses.add( className );
		definingClassesBaseNames.put( baseName, className );
	}

	protected boolean isClassBeingDefined( String className ) {
		return definingClasses.contains( className );
	}

	/**
		This method is a temporary workaround used with definingClass.
		It is to be removed at some point.
	*/
	protected String getClassBeingDefined( String className ) {
		String baseName = Name.suffix(className,1);
		return definingClassesBaseNames.get( baseName );
	}

	/**
		Indicate that the specified class name has been defined and may be
		loaded normally.
	*/
	protected void doneDefiningClass( String className ) {
		String baseName = Name.suffix(className,1);
		definingClasses.remove( className );
		definingClassesBaseNames.remove( baseName );
	}

	/*
		The real implementation in the classpath.ClassManagerImpl handles
		reloading of the generated classes.
	*/
	public Class defineClass( String name, byte [] code ) 
	{
		throw new InterpreterError("Can't create class ("+name
			+") without class manager package.");
	/*
		Old implementation injected classes into the parent classloader.
		This was incorrect behavior for several reasons.  The biggest problem
		is that classes could therefore only be defined once across all
		executions of the script...  

		ClassLoader cl = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
		Class clas;
		try {
			clas = (Class)Reflect.invokeObjectMethod( 
				cl, "defineClass", 
				new Object [] { 
					name, code, 
					new Primitive( (int)0 )/offset/, 
					new Primitive( code.length )/len/ 
				}, 
				(Interpreter)null, (CallStack)null, (SimpleNode)null 
			);
		} catch ( Exception e ) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw new InterpreterError("Unable to define class: "+ e );
		}
		absoluteNonClasses.remove( name ); // may have been axed previously
		return clas;
	*/
	}

	protected void classLoaderChanged() { }

	protected static UtilEvalError cmUnavailable() {
		return new Capabilities.Unavailable(
			"ClassLoading features unavailable.");
	}

	public static interface Listener 
	{
		public void classLoaderChanged();
	}

	/**
		SignatureKey serves as a hash of a method signature on a class 
		for fast lookup of overloaded and general resolved Java methods. 
		<p>
	*/
	/*
		Note: is using SignatureKey in this way dangerous?  In the pathological
		case a user could eat up memory caching every possible combination of
		argument types to an untyped method.  Maybe we could be smarter about
		it by ignoring the types of untyped parameter positions?  The method
		resolver could return a set of "hints" for the signature key caching?

		There is also the overhead of creating one of these for every method
		dispatched.  What is the alternative?
	*/
	static class SignatureKey
	{
		Class clas;
		Class [] types;
		String methodName;
		int hashCode = 0;

		SignatureKey( Class clas, String methodName, Class [] types ) {
			this.clas = clas;
			this.methodName = methodName;
			this.types = types;
		}

		public int hashCode() 
		{ 
			if ( hashCode == 0 ) 
			{
				hashCode = clas.hashCode() * methodName.hashCode();
				if ( types == null ) // no args method
					return hashCode; 
				for( int i =0; i < types.length; i++ ) {
					int hc = types[i] == null ? 21 : types[i].hashCode();
					hashCode = hashCode*(i+1) + hc;
				}
			}
			return hashCode;
		}

		public boolean equals( Object o ) { 
			SignatureKey target = (SignatureKey)o;
			if ( types == null )
				return target.types == null;
			if ( clas != target.clas )
				return false;
			if ( !methodName.equals( target.methodName ) )
				return false;
			if ( types.length != target.types.length )
				return false;
			for( int i =0; i< types.length; i++ )
			{
				if ( types[i]==null ) 
				{
					if ( !(target.types[i]==null) )
						return false;
				} else 
					if ( !types[i].equals( target.types[i] ) )
						return false;
			}

			return true;
		}
	}
}
