- Qt 6.8
- Qt Quick
- Qt Quick for Android Studio Projects
- Qt 6.8.2 Reference Documentation

# Qt Quick for Android Studio Projects

## Overview

This example contains a QML project that you can import into Android Studio with the Qt Tools for Android Studio plugin and Java and Kotlin projects that use the QML project as a View by utilizing the QtQuickView API.

For more information on how QML works, see the Qt Qml. This documentation will focus on how a QML component is embedded into Java- and Kotlin-based Android applications.

First, we look at the `MainActivity`'s onCreate() method of the Java and Kotlin projects.

For a Java-based project:

     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

         m_mainLinear = findViewById(R.id.mainLinear);
         m_getPropertyValueText = findViewById(R.id.getPropertyValueText);
         m_qmlStatus = findViewById(R.id.qmlStatusText);
         m_androidControlsLayout = findViewById(R.id.javaLinear);
         m_box = findViewById(R.id.qmlColorBox);
         m_switch = findViewById(R.id.disconnectQmlListenerSwitch);
         m_switch.setOnClickListener(view -> switchListener());
         m_qtQuickView = new QtQuickView(this);

         // Set status change listener for m_qmlView
         // listener implemented below in OnStatusChanged
         m_mainQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this);
         m_secondQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this);
         ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
                 ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
         m_qmlFrameLayout = findViewById(R.id.qmlFrame);
         m_qmlFrameLayout.addView(m_qtQuickView, params);
         m_qtQuickView.loadContent(m_mainQmlContent);

         Button m_changeColorButton = findViewById(R.id.changeQmlColorButton);
         m_changeColorButton.setOnClickListener(view -> onClickListener());
         Button m_loadMainQmlButton = findViewById(R.id.loadMainQml);
         m_loadMainQmlButton.setOnClickListener(view -> loadMainQml());
         Button m_loadSecondQmlButton = findViewById(R.id.loadSecondQml);
         m_loadSecondQmlButton.setOnClickListener(view -> loadSecondQml());
         Button m_rotateQmlGridButton = findViewById(R.id.rotateQmlGridButton);
         m_rotateQmlGridButton.setOnClickListener(view -> rotateQmlGrid());

         // Check target device orientation on launch
         handleOrientationChanges();
     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         m_binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
         val view = m_binding.root
         setContentView(view)

         m_binding.disconnectQmlListenerSwitch.setOnClickListener { switchListener() }

         m_qtQuickView = QtQuickView(this)

         // Set status change listener for m_qmlView
         // listener implemented below in OnStatusChanged
         m_mainQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this)
         m_secondQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this)

         val params: ViewGroup.LayoutParams = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
             ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
         )
         m_binding.qmlFrame.addView(m_qtQuickView, params)
         m_qtQuickView!!.loadContent(m_mainQmlContent)

         m_binding.changeQmlColorButton.setOnClickListener { onClickListener() }
         m_binding.loadMainQml.setOnClickListener { loadMainQml() }
         m_binding.loadSecondQml.setOnClickListener { loadSecondQml() }
         m_binding.rotateQmlGridButton.setOnClickListener { rotateQmlGrid() }

         // Check target device orientation on launch
         handleOrientationChanges()
     }

Note: in the Kotlin project we use View binding to access the UI components of the application:

     m_binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
     val view = m_binding.root
     setContentView(view)

Inside the `onCreate()` method, a previously declared variable `m_qtQuickView` is initialized with a new QtQuickView. This new instance of QtQuickView is created by giving it the Context of the Java/Kotlin Activity as an argument.

For a Java-based project:

     m_qtQuickView = new QtQuickView(this);

For a Kotlin-based project:

     m_qtQuickView = QtQuickView(this)

The `Main` and `Second` Java classes inherit from the `QtQuickViewContent` class. These classes are generated from the QML project that we've imported. In this example, these QML components are used to explain how to embed QML components into Android Projects.

For a Java-based project:

     private final Main m_mainQmlContent = new Main();
     private final Second m_secondQmlContent = new Second();

For a Kotlin-based project (initialized when declared):

     private var m_mainQmlContent: Main = Main()
     private val m_secondQmlContent: Second = Second()

The `m_mainQmlContent` is loaded into the `m_qtQuickView` through the `QtQuickView.loadContent()` method, which takes `QtQuickViewContent` as an argument.

For a Java-based project:

     m_qtQuickView.loadContent(m_mainQmlContent);

For a Kotlin-based project:

     m_qtQuickView!!.loadContent(m_mainQmlContent)

The `m_qtQuickView` is added to Android FrameLayout ViewGroup with appropriate layout parameters.

For a Java-based project:

     ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
             ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
     m_qmlFrameLayout = findViewById(R.id.qmlFrame);
     m_qmlFrameLayout.addView(m_qtQuickView, params);

For a Kotlin-based project:

     val params: ViewGroup.LayoutParams = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
         ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
     )
     m_binding.qmlFrame.addView(m_qtQuickView, params)

## Interacting with the QML component

To interact with the embedded QML component we implement the `QtQmlStatusChangeListener` interface and override the onStatusChanged method to get the loading status of the QtQuickViewContent currently being loaded into the `m_qtQuickView`.

For a Java-based project:

     public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements
     QtQmlStatusChangeListener{
         ...
     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(), QtQmlStatusChangeListener{
         ...
     }

The `onStatusChanged` implementation.

For a Java-based project:

     @Override
     public void onStatusChanged(QtQmlStatus qtQmlStatus) {
         Log.i(TAG, "Status of QtQuickView: " + qtQmlStatus);

         final String qmlStatus = getResources().getString(R.string.qml_view_status)
                 + m_statusNames.get(qtQmlStatus);

         // Show current QML View status in a textview
         m_qmlStatus.setText(qmlStatus);

         // Connect signal listener to "onClicked" signal from main.qml
         // addSignalListener returns int which can be used later to identify the listener
         if (qtQmlStatus == QtQmlStatus.READY && !m_switch.isChecked()) {
             m_qmlButtonSignalListenerId = m_mainQmlContent.connectOnClickedListener(
                     (String name, Void v) -> {
                         Log.i(TAG, "QML button clicked");
                         m_androidControlsLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor(
                                 m_colors.getColor()
                         ));
                     });

         }
     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     override fun onStatusChanged(status: QtQmlStatus?) {
         Log.v(TAG, "Status of QtQuickView: $status")

         val qmlStatus = (resources.getString(R.string.qml_view_status)
                 + m_statusNames[status])

         // Show current QML View status in a textview
         m_binding.qmlStatusText.text = qmlStatus

         // Connect signal listener to "onClicked" signal from main.qml
         // addSignalListener returns int which can be used later to identify the listener
         if (status == QtQmlStatus.READY && !m_binding.disconnectQmlListenerSwitch.isChecked) {
             m_qmlButtonSignalListenerId =
                 m_mainQmlContent.connectOnClickedListener { _: String, _: Void? ->
                     Log.i(TAG, "QML button clicked")
                     m_binding.kotlinLinear.setBackgroundColor(
                         Color.parseColor(
                             m_colors.getColor()
                         )
                     )
                 }
         }
     }

The `onStatusChanged` listener is set as the `statusChangeListener` of the `m_mainQmlContent` and `m_secondQmlContent` with `QtQuickViewContent.setStatusChangeListener(QtQmlStatusChangeListener onStatusChanged())` method.

For a Java-based project:

     m_mainQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this);
     m_secondQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this);

For a Kotlin-based project:

     m_mainQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this)
     m_secondQmlContent.setStatusChangeListener(this)

The overridden callback function `onStatusChanged()` receives `StatusChanged()` signal containing the current status (public Enum QtQmlStatus) of the loading of the current QtQuickViewContent into the `m_qtQuickView`. If this `QtQmlStatus` is confirmed to be `QtQmlStatus.READY`, we can start interacting with the QML view.

## Loading QtQuickViewContents into QtQuickView

You can have multiple QtQuickViewContents in the imported QML project and switch the currently loaded content of the QtQuickView between them using the QtQuickView.loadContent() method, which takes a QtQuickViewContent as an argument. This will load the QtQuickViewContent that was given and unloads the previous one, if there is one.

For a Java-based project:

     private void loadSecondQml() {
         m_qtQuickView.loadContent(m_secondQmlContent);

         // Reset box color and color text after component reload
         m_box.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#00ffffff"));
         m_getPropertyValueText.setText("");
     }

     private void loadMainQml() {
         m_qtQuickView.loadContent(m_mainQmlContent);

         // Reset box color and color text after component reload
         m_box.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#00ffffff"));
         m_getPropertyValueText.setText("");
     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     private fun loadSecondQml() {
         m_qtQuickView!!.loadContent(m_secondQmlContent)

         // Reset box color and color text after component reload
         m_binding.qmlColorBox.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#00ffffff"))
         m_binding.getPropertyValueText.text = ""
     }

     private fun loadMainQml() {
         m_qtQuickView!!.loadContent(m_mainQmlContent)

         // Reset box color and color text after component reload
         m_binding.qmlColorBox.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#00ffffff"))
         m_binding.getPropertyValueText.text = ""
     }

## Getting and setting QML component property values

Getting and setting QML component property values happens through the methods described in the `Main.java` class. In this case we use the `m_mainQmlContent.setColorStringProperty()` and `m_mainQmlContent.getColorStringProperty()` methods. These methods are generated according to what properties the QML component includes.

For a Java-based project:

     public void onClickListener() {
         // Set the QML view root object property "colorStringFormat" value to
         // color from Colors.getColor()
         m_mainQmlContent.setColorStringFormat(m_colors.getColor());

         String qmlBackgroundColor = m_mainQmlContent.getColorStringFormat();
         // Display the QML View background color code
         m_getPropertyValueText.setText(qmlBackgroundColor);

         // Display the QML View background color in a view
         // if qmlBackGroundColor is not null
         if (qmlBackgroundColor != null) {
             m_box.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor(qmlBackgroundColor));
         }
     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     private fun onClickListener() {
         // Set the QML view root object property "colorStringFormat" value to
         // color from Colors.getColor()
         m_mainQmlContent.colorStringFormat = m_colors.getColor()

         val qmlBackgroundColor = m_mainQmlContent.colorStringFormat

         // Display the QML View background color code
         m_binding.getPropertyValueText.text = qmlBackgroundColor

         // Display the QML View background color in a view
         // if qmlBackgroundColor is not null
         if (qmlBackgroundColor != null) {
             m_binding.qmlColorBox.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor(qmlBackgroundColor))
         }
     }

With the `m_mainQmlContent.setColorStringProperty()` method we set the `colorStringFormat` property value of the `m_mainQmlContent` a random color value that is fetched from the `Colors.java` (or `Colors.kt`) class.

The `m_mainQmlContent.getColorStringProperty()` method is used here to fetch the current background color of the root object of the m_mainQmlContent and then show it to the user on the Java/Kotlin Android side of the application.

`m_secondQmlContent` has a Grid QML component which we can rotate from the Java side with the generated `m_secondQmlContent.setGridRotation()` method.

For a Java-based project:

     private void rotateQmlGrid() {
         Integer previousGridRotation = m_secondQmlContent.getGridRotation();
         if (previousGridRotation != null) {
             m_secondQmlContent.setGridRotation(previousGridRotation + 45);
         }
     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     private fun rotateQmlGrid() {
         val previousGridRotation = m_secondQmlContent.gridRotation
         if (previousGridRotation != null) {
             m_secondQmlContent.gridRotation = previousGridRotation + 45
         }
     }

## Signal listeners

The `QtQuickViewContent` class offers a `connectSignalListener()` and `disconnectSignalListener()` methods which are used to connect and disconnect a signal listener/s between a signal/s that is/are declared in the QML component root object. The `QtQuickViewContent.connectSignalListener()` returns a unique signal listener id which we store and use later to identify and disconnect the listener.

Here we connect a signal listener to the `onClicked()` signal of the QML component.

For a Java-based project:

     if (qtQmlStatus == QtQmlStatus.READY && !m_switch.isChecked()) {
         m_qmlButtonSignalListenerId = m_mainQmlContent.connectOnClickedListener(
                 (String name, Void v) -> {
                     Log.i(TAG, "QML button clicked");
                     m_androidControlsLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor(
                             m_colors.getColor()
                     ));
                 });

     }

For a Kotlin-based project:

     if (status == QtQmlStatus.READY && !m_binding.disconnectQmlListenerSwitch.isChecked) {
         m_qmlButtonSignalListenerId =
             m_mainQmlContent.connectOnClickedListener { _: String, _: Void? ->
                 Log.i(TAG, "QML button clicked")
                 m_binding.kotlinLinear.setBackgroundColor(
                     Color.parseColor(
                         m_colors.getColor()
                     )
                 )
             }
     }

The `onClicked()` signal is emitted every time the button on the QML component is clicked. That signal is then received by this listener and the background color of the layout holding the Android side of the application is set to a random color value fetched from the `Colors.java` class.

Next, the signal listener is disconnected using the `QtQuickViewContent.disconnectSignalListener()` method by giving it the unique signal listener id.

For a Java-based project:

     m_mainQmlContent.disconnectSignalListener(m_qmlButtonSignalListenerId);

For a Kotlin-based project:

     m_mainQmlContent.disconnectSignalListener(m_qmlButtonSignalListenerId)