Changelog
=========

.. currentmodule:: websockets

.. _backwards-compatibility policy:

Backwards-compatibility policy
------------------------------

websockets is intended for production use. Therefore, stability is a goal.

websockets also aims at providing the best API for WebSocket in Python.

While we value stability, we value progress more. When an improvement requires
changing a public API, we make the change and document it in this changelog.

When possible with reasonable effort, we preserve backwards-compatibility for
five years after the release that introduced the change.

When a release contains backwards-incompatible API changes, the major version
is increased, else the minor version is increased. Patch versions are only for
fixing regressions shortly after a release.

Only documented APIs are public. Undocumented, private APIs may change without
notice.

.. _15.0:

15.0
----

*February 16, 2025*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: Client connections use SOCKS and HTTP proxies automatically.
    :class: important

    If a proxy is configured in the operating system or with an environment
    variable, websockets uses it automatically when connecting to a server.
    SOCKS proxies require installing the third-party library `python-socks`_.

    If you want to disable the proxy, add ``proxy=None`` when calling
    :func:`~asyncio.client.connect`.

    See :doc:`proxies <../topics/proxies>` for details.

    .. _python-socks: https://github.com/romis2012/python-socks

.. admonition:: Keepalive is enabled in the :mod:`threading` implementation.
    :class: important

    The :mod:`threading` implementation now sends Ping frames at regular
    intervals and closes the connection if it doesn't receive a matching Pong
    frame just like the :mod:`asyncio` implementation.

    See :doc:`keepalive and latency <../topics/keepalive>` for details.

New features
............

* Added :func:`~asyncio.router.route` and :func:`~asyncio.router.unix_route` to
  dispatch connections to handlers based on the request path. Read more about
  routing in :doc:`routing <../topics/routing>`.

Improvements
............

* Refreshed several how-to guides and topic guides.

* Added type overloads for the ``decode`` argument of
  :meth:`~asyncio.connection.Connection.recv`. This may simplify static typing.

.. _14.2:

14.2
----

*January 19, 2025*

New features
............

* Added support for regular expressions in the ``origins`` argument of
  :func:`~asyncio.server.serve`.

Bug fixes
.........

* Wrapped errors when reading the opening handshake request or response in
  :exc:`~exceptions.InvalidMessage` so that :func:`~asyncio.client.connect`
  raises :exc:`~exceptions.InvalidHandshake` or a subclass when the opening
  handshake fails.

* Fixed :meth:`~sync.connection.Connection.recv` with ``timeout=0`` in the
  :mod:`threading` implementation. If a message is already received, it is
  returned. Previously, :exc:`TimeoutError` was raised incorrectly.

* Fixed a crash in the :mod:`asyncio` implementation when canceling a ping
  then receiving the corresponding pong.

* Prevented :meth:`~asyncio.connection.Connection.close` from blocking when
  the network becomes unavailable or when receive buffers are saturated in
  the :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`threading` implementations.

.. _14.1:

14.1
----

*November 13, 2024*

Improvements
............

* Supported ``max_queue=None`` in the :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`threading`
  implementations for consistency with the legacy implementation, even though
  this is never a good idea.

* Added ``close_code`` and ``close_reason`` attributes in the :mod:`asyncio` and
  :mod:`threading` implementations for consistency with the legacy
  implementation.

Bug fixes
.........

* Once the connection is closed, messages previously received and buffered can
  be read in the :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`threading` implementations, just like
  in the legacy implementation.

.. _14.0:

14.0
----

*November 9, 2024*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: websockets 14.0 requires Python ≥ 3.9.
    :class: tip

    websockets 13.1 is the last version supporting Python 3.8.

.. admonition:: The new :mod:`asyncio` implementation is now the default.
    :class: attention

    The following aliases in the ``websockets`` package were switched to the new
    :mod:`asyncio` implementation::

        from websockets import connect, unix_connext
        from websockets import broadcast, serve, unix_serve

    If you're using any of them, then you must follow the :doc:`upgrade guide
    <../howto/upgrade>` immediately.

    Alternatively, you may stick to the legacy :mod:`asyncio` implementation for
    now by importing it explicitly::

        from websockets.legacy.client import connect, unix_connect
        from websockets.legacy.server import broadcast, serve, unix_serve

.. admonition:: The legacy :mod:`asyncio` implementation is now deprecated.
    :class: caution

    The :doc:`upgrade guide <../howto/upgrade>` provides complete instructions
    to migrate your application.

    Aliases for deprecated API were removed from ``websockets.__all__``, meaning
    that they cannot be imported with ``from websockets import *`` anymore.

.. admonition:: Several API raise :exc:`ValueError` instead of :exc:`TypeError`
    on invalid arguments.
    :class: note

    :func:`~asyncio.client.connect`, :func:`~asyncio.client.unix_connect`, and
    :func:`~asyncio.server.basic_auth` in the :mod:`asyncio` implementation as
    well as :func:`~sync.client.connect`, :func:`~sync.client.unix_connect`,
    :func:`~sync.server.serve`, :func:`~sync.server.unix_serve`, and
    :func:`~sync.server.basic_auth` in the :mod:`threading` implementation now
    raise :exc:`ValueError` when a required argument isn't provided or an
    argument that is incompatible with others is provided.

.. admonition:: :attr:`Frame.data <frames.Frame.data>` is now a bytes-like object.
    :class: note

    In addition to :class:`bytes`, it may be a :class:`bytearray` or a
    :class:`memoryview`. If you wrote an :class:`~extensions.Extension` that
    relies on methods not provided by these types, you must update your code.

.. admonition:: The signature of :exc:`~exceptions.PayloadTooBig` changed.
    :class: note

    If you wrote an extension that raises :exc:`~exceptions.PayloadTooBig` in
    :meth:`~extensions.Extension.decode`, for example, you must replace
    ``PayloadTooBig(f"over size limit ({size} > {max_size} bytes)")`` with
    ``PayloadTooBig(size, max_size)``.

New features
............

* Added an option to receive text frames as :class:`bytes`, without decoding,
  in the :mod:`threading` implementation; also binary frames as :class:`str`.

* Added an option to send :class:`bytes` in a text frame in the :mod:`asyncio`
  and :mod:`threading` implementations; also :class:`str` in a binary frame.

Improvements
............

* The :mod:`threading` implementation receives messages faster.

* Sending or receiving large compressed messages is now faster.

* Errors when a fragmented message is too large are clearer.

* Log messages at the :data:`~logging.WARNING` and :data:`~logging.INFO` levels
  no longer include stack traces.

Bug fixes
.........

* Clients no longer crash when the server rejects the opening handshake and the
  HTTP response doesn't Include a ``Content-Length`` header.

* Returning an HTTP response in ``process_request`` or ``process_response``
  doesn't generate a log message at the :data:`~logging.ERROR` level anymore.

* Connections are closed with code 1007 (invalid data) when receiving invalid
  UTF-8 in a text frame.

.. _13.1:

13.1
----

*September 21, 2024*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: The ``code`` and ``reason`` attributes of
    :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` are deprecated.
    :class: note

    They were removed from the documentation in version 10.0, due to their
    spec-compliant but counter-intuitive behavior, but they were kept in
    the code for backwards compatibility. They're now formally deprecated.

New features
............

* Added support for reconnecting automatically by using
  :func:`~asyncio.client.connect` as an asynchronous iterator to the new
  :mod:`asyncio` implementation.

* :func:`~asyncio.client.connect` now follows redirects in the new
  :mod:`asyncio` implementation.

* Added HTTP Basic Auth to the new :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`threading`
  implementations of servers.

* Made the set of active connections available in the :attr:`Server.connections
  <asyncio.server.Server.connections>` property.

Improvements
............

* Improved reporting of errors during the opening handshake.

* Raised :exc:`~exceptions.ConcurrencyError` on unsupported concurrent calls.
  Previously, :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised. For backwards compatibility,
  :exc:`~exceptions.ConcurrencyError` is a subclass of :exc:`RuntimeError`.

Bug fixes
.........

* The new :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`threading` implementations of servers don't
  start the connection handler anymore when ``process_request`` or
  ``process_response`` returns an HTTP response.

* Fixed a bug in the :mod:`threading` implementation that could lead to
  incorrect error reporting when closing a connection while
  :meth:`~sync.connection.Connection.recv` is running.

13.0.1
------

*August 28, 2024*

Bug fixes
.........

* Restored the C extension in the source distribution.

.. _13.0:

13.0
----

*August 20, 2024*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: Receiving the request path in the second parameter of connection
    handlers is deprecated.
    :class: note

    If you implemented the connection handler of a server as::

        async def handler(request, path):
          ...

    You should switch to the pattern recommended since version 10.1::

        async def handler(request):
            path = request.path  # only if handler() uses the path argument
            ...

.. admonition:: The ``ssl_context`` argument of :func:`~sync.client.connect`
    and :func:`~sync.server.serve` in the :mod:`threading` implementation is
    renamed to ``ssl``.
    :class: note

    This aligns the API of the :mod:`threading` implementation with the
    :mod:`asyncio` implementation.

    For backwards compatibility, ``ssl_context`` is still supported.

.. admonition:: The ``WebSocketServer`` class in the :mod:`threading`
    implementation is renamed to :class:`~sync.server.Server`.
    :class: note

    This change should be transparent because this class shouldn't be
    instantiated directly; :func:`~sync.server.serve` returns an instance.

    Regardless, an alias provides backwards compatibility.

New features
............

.. admonition:: websockets 11.0 introduces a new :mod:`asyncio` implementation.
    :class: important

    This new implementation is intended to be a drop-in replacement for the
    current implementation. It will become the default in a future release.

    Please try it and report any issue that you encounter! The :doc:`upgrade
    guide <../howto/upgrade>` explains everything you need to know about the
    upgrade process.

* Validated compatibility with Python 3.12 and 3.13.

* Added an option to receive text frames as :class:`bytes`, without decoding,
  in the :mod:`asyncio` implementation; also binary frames as :class:`str`.

* Added :doc:`environment variables <../reference/variables>` to configure debug
  logs, the ``Server`` and ``User-Agent`` headers, as well as security limits.

  If you were monkey-patching constants, be aware that they were renamed, which
  will break your configuration. You must switch to the environment variables.

Improvements
............

* The error message in server logs when a header is too long is more explicit.

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed a bug in the :mod:`threading` implementation that could prevent the
  program from exiting when a connection wasn't closed properly.

* Redirecting from a ``ws://`` URI to a ``wss://`` URI now works.

* ``broadcast(raise_exceptions=True)`` no longer crashes when there isn't any
  exception.

.. _12.0:

12.0
----

*October 21, 2023*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: websockets 12.0 requires Python ≥ 3.8.
    :class: tip

    websockets 11.0 is the last version supporting Python 3.7.

Improvements
............

* Made convenience imports from ``websockets`` compatible with static code
  analysis tools such as auto-completion in an IDE or type checking with mypy_.

  .. _mypy: https://github.com/python/mypy

* Accepted a plain :class:`int` where an :class:`~http.HTTPStatus` is expected.

* Added :class:`~frames.CloseCode`.

11.0.3
------

*May 7, 2023*

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed the :mod:`threading` implementation of servers on Windows.

11.0.2
------

*April 18, 2023*

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed a deadlock in the :mod:`threading` implementation when closing a
  connection without reading all messages.

11.0.1
------

*April 6, 2023*

Bug fixes
.........

* Restored the C extension in the source distribution.

.. _11.0:

11.0
----

*April 2, 2023*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: The Sans-I/O implementation was moved.
    :class: caution

    Aliases provide compatibility for all previously public APIs according to
    the `backwards-compatibility policy`_.

    * The ``connection`` module was renamed to ``protocol``.

    * The ``connection.Connection``, ``server.ServerConnection``, and
      ``client.ClientConnection`` classes were renamed to ``protocol.Protocol``,
      ``server.ServerProtocol``, and ``client.ClientProtocol``.

.. admonition:: Sans-I/O protocol constructors now use keyword-only arguments.
    :class: caution

    If you instantiate :class:`~server.ServerProtocol` or
    :class:`~client.ClientProtocol` directly, make sure you are using keyword
    arguments.

.. admonition:: Closing a connection without an empty close frame is OK.
    :class: note

    Receiving an empty close frame now results in
    :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` instead of
    :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosedError`.

    As a consequence, calling ``WebSocket.close()`` without arguments in a
    browser isn't reported as an error anymore.

.. admonition:: :func:`~legacy.server.serve` times out on the opening handshake
    after 10 seconds by default.
    :class: note

    You can adjust the timeout with the ``open_timeout`` parameter. Set it to
    :obj:`None` to disable the timeout entirely.

New features
............

.. admonition:: websockets 11.0 introduces a :mod:`threading` implementation.
    :class: important

    It may be more convenient if you don't need to manage many connections and
    you're more comfortable with :mod:`threading` than :mod:`asyncio`.

    It is particularly suited to client applications that establish only one
    connection. It may be used for servers handling few connections.

    See :func:`websockets.sync.client.connect` and
    :func:`websockets.sync.server.serve` for details.

* Added ``open_timeout`` to :func:`~legacy.server.serve`.

* Made it possible to close a server without closing existing connections.

* Added :attr:`~server.ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol` to customize
  negotiation of subprotocols in the Sans-I/O layer.

Improvements
............

* Added platform-independent wheels.

* Improved error handling in :func:`~legacy.server.broadcast`.

* Set ``server_hostname`` automatically on TLS connections when providing a
  ``sock`` argument to :func:`~sync.client.connect`.

.. _10.4:

10.4
----

*October 25, 2022*

New features
............

* Validated compatibility with Python 3.11.

* Added the :attr:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.latency` property to
  protocols.

* Changed :attr:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.ping` to return the
  latency of the connection.

* Supported overriding or removing the ``User-Agent`` header in clients and the
  ``Server`` header in servers.

* Added deployment guides for more Platform as a Service providers.

Improvements
............

* Improved FAQ.

.. _10.3:

10.3
----

*April 17, 2022*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: The ``exception`` attribute of :class:`~http11.Request` and
    :class:`~http11.Response` is deprecated.
    :class: note

    Use the ``handshake_exc`` attribute of :class:`~server.ServerProtocol` and
    :class:`~client.ClientProtocol` instead.

    See :doc:`../howto/sansio` for details.

Improvements
............

* Reduced noise in logs when :mod:`ssl` or :mod:`zlib` raise exceptions.

.. _10.2:

10.2
----

*February 21, 2022*

Improvements
............

* Made compression negotiation more lax for compatibility with Firefox.

* Improved FAQ and quick start guide.

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed backwards-incompatibility in 10.1 for connection handlers created with
  :func:`functools.partial`.

* Avoided leaking open sockets when :func:`~legacy.client.connect` is canceled.

.. _10.1:

10.1
----

*November 14, 2021*

New features
............

* Added a tutorial.

* Made the second parameter of connection handlers optional. The request path is
  available in the :attr:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.path`
  attribute of the first argument.

  If you implemented the connection handler of a server as::

      async def handler(request, path):
          ...

  You should replace it with::

      async def handler(request):
          path = request.path  # only if handler() uses the path argument
          ...

* Added ``python -m websockets --version``.

Improvements
............

* Added wheels for Python 3.10, PyPy 3.7, and for more platforms.

* Reverted optimization of default compression settings for clients, mainly to
  avoid triggering bugs in poorly implemented servers like `AWS API Gateway`_.

  .. _AWS API Gateway: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/issues/1065

* Mirrored the entire :class:`~asyncio.Server` API in
  :class:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServer`.

* Improved performance for large messages on ARM processors.

* Documented how to auto-reload on code changes in development.

Bug fixes
.........

* Avoided half-closing TCP connections that are already closed.

.. _10.0:

10.0
----

*September 9, 2021*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: websockets 10.0 requires Python ≥ 3.7.
    :class: tip

    websockets 9.1 is the last version supporting Python 3.6.

.. admonition:: The ``loop`` parameter is deprecated from all APIs.
    :class: caution

    This reflects a decision made in Python 3.8. See the release notes of
    Python 3.10 for details.

    The ``loop`` parameter is also removed
    from :class:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServer`. This should be transparent.

.. admonition:: :func:`~legacy.client.connect` times out after 10 seconds by default.
    :class: note

    You can adjust the timeout with the ``open_timeout`` parameter. Set it to
    :obj:`None` to disable the timeout entirely.

.. admonition:: The ``legacy_recv`` option is deprecated.
    :class: note

    See the release notes of websockets 3.0 for details.

.. admonition:: The signature of :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` changed.
    :class: note

    If you raise :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` or a subclass, rather
    than catch them when websockets raises them, you must change your code.

.. admonition:: A ``msg`` parameter was added to :exc:`~exceptions.InvalidURI`.
    :class: note

    If you raise :exc:`~exceptions.InvalidURI`, rather than catch it when
    websockets raises it, you must change your code.

New features
............

.. admonition:: websockets 10.0 introduces a `Sans-I/O API
    <https://sans-io.readthedocs.io/>`_ for easier integration
    in third-party libraries.
    :class: important

    If you're integrating websockets in a library, rather than just using it,
    look at the :doc:`Sans-I/O integration guide <../howto/sansio>`.

* Added compatibility with Python 3.10.

* Added :func:`~legacy.server.broadcast` to send a message to many clients.

* Added support for reconnecting automatically by using
  :func:`~legacy.client.connect` as an asynchronous iterator.

* Added ``open_timeout`` to :func:`~legacy.client.connect`.

* Documented how to integrate with `Django <https://www.djangoproject.com/>`_.

* Documented how to deploy websockets in production, with several options.

* Documented how to authenticate connections.

* Documented how to broadcast messages to many connections.

Improvements
............

* Improved logging. See the :doc:`logging guide <../topics/logging>`.

* Optimized default compression settings to reduce memory usage.

* Optimized processing of client-to-server messages when the C extension isn't
  available.

* Supported relative redirects in :func:`~legacy.client.connect`.

* Handled TCP connection drops during the opening handshake.

* Made it easier to customize authentication with
  :meth:`~legacy.auth.BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol.check_credentials`.

* Provided additional information in :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed`
  exceptions.

* Clarified several exceptions or log messages.

* Restructured documentation.

* Improved API documentation.

* Extended FAQ.

Bug fixes
.........

* Avoided a crash when receiving a ping while the connection is closing.

.. _9.1:

9.1
---

*May 27, 2021*

Security fix
............

.. admonition:: websockets 9.1 fixes a security issue introduced in 8.0.
    :class: danger

    Version 8.0 was vulnerable to timing attacks on HTTP Basic Auth passwords
    (`CVE-2021-33880`_).

    .. _CVE-2021-33880: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33880

9.0.2
-----

*May 15, 2021*

Bug fixes
.........

* Restored compatibility of ``python -m websockets`` with Python < 3.9.

* Restored compatibility with mypy.

9.0.1
-----

*May 2, 2021*

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed issues with the packaging of the 9.0 release.

.. _9.0:

9.0
---

*May 1, 2021*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: Several modules are moved or deprecated.
    :class: caution

    Aliases provide compatibility for all previously public APIs according to
    the `backwards-compatibility policy`_

    * :class:`~datastructures.Headers` and
      :exc:`~datastructures.MultipleValuesError` are moved from
      ``websockets.http`` to :mod:`websockets.datastructures`. If you're using
      them, you should adjust the import path.

    * The ``client``, ``server``, ``protocol``, and ``auth`` modules were
      moved from the ``websockets`` package to a ``websockets.legacy``
      sub-package. Despite the name, they're still fully supported.

    * The ``framing``, ``handshake``, ``headers``, ``http``, and ``uri``
      modules in the ``websockets`` package are deprecated. These modules
      provided low-level APIs for reuse by other projects, but they didn't
      reach that goal. Keeping these APIs public makes it more difficult to
      improve websockets.

    These changes pave the path for a refactoring that should be a transparent
    upgrade for most uses and facilitate integration by other projects.

.. admonition:: Convenience imports from ``websockets`` are performed lazily.
    :class: note

    While Python supports this, tools relying on static code analysis don't.
    This breaks auto-completion in an IDE or type checking with mypy_.

    .. _mypy: https://github.com/python/mypy

    If you depend on such tools, use the real import paths, which can be found
    in the API documentation, for example::

        from websockets.client import connect
        from websockets.server import serve

New features
............

* Added compatibility with Python 3.9.

Improvements
............

* Added support for IRIs in addition to URIs.

* Added close codes 1012, 1013, and 1014.

* Raised an error when passing a :class:`dict` to
  :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.send`.

* Improved error reporting.

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed sending fragmented, compressed messages.

* Fixed ``Host`` header sent when connecting to an IPv6 address.

* Fixed creating a client or a server with an existing Unix socket.

* Aligned maximum cookie size with popular web browsers.

* Ensured cancellation always propagates, even on Python versions where
  :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` inherits from :exc:`Exception`.

.. _8.1:

8.1
---

*November 1, 2019*

New features
............

* Added compatibility with Python 3.8.

8.0.2
-----

*July 31, 2019*

Bug fixes
.........

* Restored the ability to pass a socket with the ``sock`` parameter of
  :func:`~legacy.server.serve`.

* Removed an incorrect assertion when a connection drops.

8.0.1
-----

*July 21, 2019*

Bug fixes
.........

* Restored the ability to import ``WebSocketProtocolError`` from
  ``websockets``.

.. _8.0:

8.0
---

*July 7, 2019*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: websockets 8.0 requires Python ≥ 3.6.
    :class: tip

    websockets 7.0 is the last version supporting Python 3.4 and 3.5.

.. admonition:: ``process_request`` is now expected to be a coroutine.
    :class: note

    If you're passing a ``process_request`` argument to
    :func:`~legacy.server.serve` or
    :class:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol`, or if you're overriding
    :meth:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request` in a
    subclass, define it with ``async def`` instead of ``def``. Previously, both
    were supported.

    For backwards compatibility, functions are still accepted, but mixing
    functions and coroutines won't work in some inheritance scenarios.

.. admonition:: ``max_queue`` must be :obj:`None` to disable the limit.
    :class: note

    If you were setting ``max_queue=0`` to make the queue of incoming messages
    unbounded, change it to ``max_queue=None``.

.. admonition:: The ``host``, ``port``, and ``secure`` attributes
    of :class:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` are deprecated.
    :class: note

    Use :attr:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.local_address` in
    servers and
    :attr:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.remote_address` in clients
    instead of ``host`` and ``port``.

.. admonition:: ``WebSocketProtocolError`` is renamed
    to :exc:`~exceptions.ProtocolError`.
    :class: note

    An alias provides backwards compatibility.

.. admonition:: ``read_response()`` now returns the reason phrase.
    :class: note

    If you're using this low-level API, you must change your code.

New features
............

* Added :func:`~legacy.auth.basic_auth_protocol_factory` to enforce HTTP Basic
  Auth on the server side.

* :func:`~legacy.client.connect` handles redirects from the server during the
  handshake.

* :func:`~legacy.client.connect` supports overriding ``host`` and ``port``.

* Added :func:`~legacy.client.unix_connect` for connecting to Unix sockets.

* Added support for asynchronous generators
  in :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.send`
  to generate fragmented messages incrementally.

* Enabled readline in the interactive client.

* Added type hints (:pep:`484`).

* Added a FAQ to the documentation.

* Added documentation for extensions.

* Documented how to optimize memory usage.

Improvements
............

* :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.send`,
  :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.ping`, and
  :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.pong` support bytes-like
  types :class:`bytearray` and :class:`memoryview` in addition to
  :class:`bytes`.

* Added :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` and
  :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` subclasses of
  :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` to tell apart normal connection
  termination from errors.

* Changed :meth:`WebSocketServer.close() <legacy.server.WebSocketServer.close>`
  to perform a proper closing handshake instead of failing the connection.

* Improved error messages when HTTP parsing fails.

* Improved API documentation.

Bug fixes
.........

* Prevented spurious log messages about :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed`
  exceptions in keepalive ping task. If you were using ``ping_timeout=None``
  as a workaround, you can remove it.

* Avoided a crash when a ``extra_headers`` callable returns :obj:`None`.

.. _7.0:

7.0
---

*November 1, 2018*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: Keepalive is enabled by default.
    :class: important

    websockets now sends Ping frames at regular intervals and closes the
    connection if it doesn't receive a matching Pong frame.
    See :class:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for details.

.. admonition:: Termination of connections by :meth:`WebSocketServer.close()
    <legacy.server.WebSocketServer.close>` changes.
    :class: caution

    Previously, connections handlers were canceled. Now, connections are
    closed with close code 1001 (going away).

    From the perspective of the connection handler, this is the same as if the
    remote endpoint was disconnecting. This removes the need to prepare for
    :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` in connection handlers.

    You can restore the previous behavior by adding the following line at the
    beginning of connection handlers::

        def handler(websocket, path):
            closed = asyncio.ensure_future(websocket.wait_closed())
            closed.add_done_callback(lambda task: task.cancel())

.. admonition:: Calling :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.recv`
    concurrently raises a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
    :class: note

    Concurrent calls lead to non-deterministic behavior because there are no
    guarantees about which coroutine will receive which message.

.. admonition:: The ``timeout`` argument of :func:`~legacy.server.serve`
    and :func:`~legacy.client.connect` is renamed to ``close_timeout`` .
    :class: note

    This prevents confusion with ``ping_timeout``.

    For backwards compatibility, ``timeout`` is still supported.

.. admonition:: The ``origins`` argument of :func:`~legacy.server.serve`
    changes.
    :class: note

    Include :obj:`None` in the list rather than ``''`` to allow requests that
    don't contain an Origin header.

.. admonition:: Pending pings aren't canceled when the connection is closed.
    :class: note

    A ping — as in ``ping = await websocket.ping()`` — for which no pong was
    received yet used to be canceled when the connection is closed, so that
    ``await ping`` raised :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError`.

    Now ``await ping`` raises :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` like other
    public APIs.

New features
............

* Added ``process_request`` and ``select_subprotocol`` arguments to
  :func:`~legacy.server.serve` and
  :class:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol` to facilitate customization of
  :meth:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request` and
  :meth:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.select_subprotocol`.

* Added support for sending fragmented messages.

* Added the :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.wait_closed`
  method to protocols.

* Added an interactive client: ``python -m websockets <uri>``.

Improvements
............

* Improved handling of multiple HTTP headers with the same name.

* Improved error messages when a required HTTP header is missing.

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed a data loss bug in
  :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.recv`:
  canceling it at the wrong time could result in messages being dropped.

.. _6.0:

6.0
---

*July 16, 2018*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: The :class:`~datastructures.Headers` class is introduced and
    several APIs are updated to use it.
    :class: caution

    * The ``request_headers`` argument of
      :meth:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request` is now a
      :class:`~datastructures.Headers` instead of an
      ``http.client.HTTPMessage``.

    * The ``request_headers`` and ``response_headers`` attributes of
      :class:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` are now
      :class:`~datastructures.Headers` instead of ``http.client.HTTPMessage``.

    * The ``raw_request_headers`` and ``raw_response_headers`` attributes of
      :class:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` are removed. Use
      :meth:`~datastructures.Headers.raw_items` instead.

    * Functions defined in the ``handshake`` module now receive
      :class:`~datastructures.Headers` in argument instead of ``get_header``
      or ``set_header`` functions. This affects libraries that rely on
      low-level APIs.

    * Functions defined in the ``http`` module now return HTTP headers as
      :class:`~datastructures.Headers` instead of lists of ``(name, value)``
      pairs.

    Since :class:`~datastructures.Headers` and ``http.client.HTTPMessage``
    provide similar APIs, much of the code dealing with HTTP headers won't
    require changes.

New features
............

* Added compatibility with Python 3.7.

5.0.1
-----

*May 24, 2018*

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed a regression in 5.0 that broke some invocations of
  :func:`~legacy.server.serve` and :func:`~legacy.client.connect`.

.. _5.0:

5.0
---

*May 22, 2018*

Security fix
............

.. admonition:: websockets 5.0 fixes a security issue introduced in 4.0.
    :class: danger

    Version 4.0 was vulnerable to denial of service by memory exhaustion
    because it didn't enforce ``max_size`` when decompressing compressed
    messages (`CVE-2018-1000518`_).

    .. _CVE-2018-1000518: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000518

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: A ``user_info`` field is added to the return value of
    ``parse_uri`` and ``WebSocketURI``.
    :class: note

    If you're unpacking ``WebSocketURI`` into four variables, adjust your code
    to account for that fifth field.

New features
............

* :func:`~legacy.client.connect` performs HTTP Basic Auth when the URI contains
  credentials.

* :func:`~legacy.server.unix_serve` can be used as an asynchronous context
  manager on Python ≥ 3.5.1.

* Added the :attr:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.closed` property
  to protocols.

* Added new examples in the documentation.

Improvements
............

* Iterating on incoming messages no longer raises an exception when the
  connection terminates with close code 1001 (going away).

* A plain HTTP request now receives a 426 Upgrade Required response and
  doesn't log a stack trace.

* If a :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.ping` doesn't receive a
  pong, it's canceled when the connection is closed.

* Reported the cause of :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.

* Stopped logging stack traces when the TCP connection dies prematurely.

* Prevented writing to a closing TCP connection during unclean shutdowns.

* Made connection termination more robust to network congestion.

* Prevented processing of incoming frames after failing the connection.

* Updated documentation with new features from Python 3.6.

* Improved several sections of the documentation.

Bug fixes
.........

* Prevented :exc:`TypeError` due to missing close code on connection close.

* Fixed a race condition in the closing handshake that raised
  :exc:`~exceptions.InvalidState`.

4.0.1
-----

*November 2, 2017*

Bug fixes
.........

* Fixed issues with the packaging of the 4.0 release.

.. _4.0:

4.0
---

*November 2, 2017*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: websockets 4.0 requires Python ≥ 3.4.
    :class: tip

    websockets 3.4 is the last version supporting Python 3.3.

.. admonition:: Compression is enabled by default.
    :class: important

    In August 2017, Firefox and Chrome support the permessage-deflate
    extension, but not Safari and IE.

    Compression should improve performance but it increases RAM and CPU use.

    If you want to disable compression, add ``compression=None`` when calling
    :func:`~legacy.server.serve` or :func:`~legacy.client.connect`.

.. admonition:: The ``state_name`` attribute of protocols is deprecated.
    :class: note

    Use ``protocol.state.name`` instead of ``protocol.state_name``.

New features
............

* :class:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` instances can be used as
  asynchronous iterators on Python ≥ 3.6. They yield incoming messages.

* Added :func:`~legacy.server.unix_serve` for listening on Unix sockets.

* Added the :attr:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServer.sockets` attribute to the
  return value of :func:`~legacy.server.serve`.

* Allowed ``extra_headers`` to override ``Server`` and ``User-Agent`` headers.

Improvements
............

* Reorganized and extended documentation.

* Rewrote connection termination to increase robustness in edge cases.

* Reduced verbosity of "Failing the WebSocket connection" logs.

Bug fixes
.........

* Aborted connections if they don't close within the configured ``timeout``.

* Stopped leaking pending tasks when :meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` is called on
  a connection while it's being closed.

.. _3.4:

3.4
---

*August 20, 2017*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: ``InvalidStatus`` is replaced
    by :class:`~exceptions.InvalidStatusCode`.
    :class: note

    This exception is raised when :func:`~legacy.client.connect` receives an invalid
    response status code from the server.

New features
............

* :func:`~legacy.server.serve` can be used as an asynchronous context manager
  on Python ≥ 3.5.1.

* Added support for customizing handling of incoming connections with
  :meth:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request`.

* Made read and write buffer sizes configurable.

Improvements
............

* Renamed :func:`~legacy.server.serve` and :func:`~legacy.client.connect`'s
  ``klass`` argument to ``create_protocol`` to reflect that it can also be a
  callable. For backwards compatibility, ``klass`` is still supported.

* Rewrote HTTP handling for simplicity and performance.

* Added an optional C extension to speed up low-level operations.

Bug fixes
.........

* Providing a ``sock`` argument to :func:`~legacy.client.connect` no longer
  crashes.

.. _3.3:

3.3
---

*March 29, 2017*

New features
............

* Ensured compatibility with Python 3.6.

Improvements
............

* Reduced noise in logs caused by connection resets.

Bug fixes
.........

* Avoided crashing on concurrent writes on slow connections.

.. _3.2:

3.2
---

*August 17, 2016*

New features
............

* Added ``timeout``, ``max_size``, and ``max_queue`` arguments to
  :func:`~legacy.client.connect` and :func:`~legacy.server.serve`.

Improvements
............

* Made server shutdown more robust.

.. _3.1:

3.1
---

*April 21, 2016*

New features
............

* Added flow control for incoming data.

Bug fixes
.........

* Avoided a warning when closing a connection before the opening handshake.

.. _3.0:

3.0
---

*December 25, 2015*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.recv` now
    raises an exception when the connection is closed.
    :class: caution

    :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.recv` used to return
    :obj:`None` when the connection was closed. This required checking the
    return value of every call::

        message = await websocket.recv()
        if message is None:
            return

    Now it raises a :exc:`~exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exception instead.
    This is more Pythonic. The previous code can be simplified to::

        message = await websocket.recv()

    When implementing a server, there's no strong reason to handle such
    exceptions. Let them bubble up, terminate the handler coroutine, and the
    server will simply ignore them.

    In order to avoid stranding projects built upon an earlier version, the
    previous behavior can be restored by passing ``legacy_recv=True`` to
    :func:`~legacy.server.serve`, :func:`~legacy.client.connect`,
    :class:`~legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol`, or
    :class:`~legacy.client.WebSocketClientProtocol`.

New features
............

* :func:`~legacy.client.connect` can be used as an asynchronous context manager
  on Python ≥ 3.5.1.

* :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.ping` and
  :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.pong` support data passed as
  :class:`str` in addition to :class:`bytes`.

* Made ``state_name`` attribute on protocols a public API.

Improvements
............

* Updated documentation with ``await`` and ``async`` syntax from Python 3.5.

* Worked around an :mod:`asyncio` bug affecting connection termination under
  load.

* Improved documentation.

.. _2.7:

2.7
---

*November 18, 2015*

New features
............

* Added compatibility with Python 3.5.

Improvements
............

* Refreshed documentation.

.. _2.6:

2.6
---

*August 18, 2015*

New features
............

* Added ``local_address`` and ``remote_address`` attributes on protocols.

* Closed open connections with code 1001 when a server shuts down.

Bug fixes
.........

* Avoided TCP fragmentation of small frames.

.. _2.5:

2.5
---

*July 28, 2015*

New features
............

* Provided access to handshake request and response HTTP headers.

* Allowed customizing handshake request and response HTTP headers.

* Added support for running on a non-default event loop.

Improvements
............

* Improved documentation.

* Sent a 403 status code instead of 400 when request Origin isn't allowed.

* Clarified that the closing handshake can be initiated by the client.

* Set the close code and reason more consistently.

* Strengthened connection termination.

Bug fixes
.........

* Canceling :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.recv` no longer
  drops the next message.

.. _2.4:

2.4
---

*January 31, 2015*

New features
............

* Added support for subprotocols.

* Added ``loop`` argument to :func:`~legacy.client.connect` and
  :func:`~legacy.server.serve`.

.. _2.3:

2.3
---

*November 3, 2014*

Improvements
............

* Improved compliance of close codes.

.. _2.2:

2.2
---

*July 28, 2014*

New features
............

* Added support for limiting message size.

.. _2.1:

2.1
---

*April 26, 2014*

New features
............

* Added ``host``, ``port`` and ``secure`` attributes on protocols.

* Added support for providing and checking Origin_.

.. _Origin: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455.html#section-10.2

.. _2.0:

2.0
---

*February 16, 2014*

Backwards-incompatible changes
..............................

.. admonition:: :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.send`,
    :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.ping`, and
    :meth:`~legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.pong` are now coroutines.
    :class: caution

    They used to be functions.

    Instead of::

        websocket.send(message)

    you must write::

        await websocket.send(message)

New features
............

* Added flow control for outgoing data.

.. _1.0:

1.0
---

*November 14, 2013*

New features
............

* Initial public release.
