/*****************************************************************************\
 *  fair_tree.c - Fair Tree fairshare algorithm for Slurm
 *****************************************************************************
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2014 Brigham Young University
 *  Authors: Ryan Cox <ryan_cox@byu.edu>, Levi Morrison <levi_morrison@byu.edu>
 *
 *  This file is part of Slurm, a resource management program.
 *  For details, see <https://slurm.schedmd.com/>.
 *  Please also read the included file: DISCLAIMER.
 *
 *  Slurm is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 *  the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
 *  any later version.
 *
 *  In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give permission
 *  to link the code of portions of this program with the OpenSSL library under
 *  certain conditions as described in each individual source file, and
 *  distribute linked combinations including the two. You must obey the GNU
 *  General Public License in all respects for all of the code used other than
 *  OpenSSL. If you modify file(s) with this exception, you may extend this
 *  exception to your version of the file(s), but you are not obligated to do
 *  so. If you do not wish to do so, delete this exception statement from your
 *  version.  If you delete this exception statement from all source files in
 *  the program, then also delete it here.
 *
 *  Slurm is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
 *  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 *  FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more
 *  details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 *  with Slurm; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA.
\*****************************************************************************/

#ifndef   _ISOC99_SOURCE
#  define _ISOC99_SOURCE /* INFINITY */
#endif

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "fair_tree.h"

static int  _ft_decay_apply_new_usage(job_record_t *job, time_t *start);
static void _apply_priority_fs(void);

/* Fair Tree code called from the decay thread loop */
extern void fair_tree_decay(List jobs, time_t start)
{
	slurmctld_lock_t job_write_lock =
		{ NO_LOCK, WRITE_LOCK, READ_LOCK, READ_LOCK, NO_LOCK };
	assoc_mgr_lock_t locks =
		{ WRITE_LOCK, NO_LOCK, NO_LOCK, NO_LOCK,
		  NO_LOCK, NO_LOCK, NO_LOCK };

	/* apply decayed usage */
	lock_slurmctld(job_write_lock);
	list_for_each(jobs, (ListForF) _ft_decay_apply_new_usage, &start);
	unlock_slurmctld(job_write_lock);

	/* calculate fs factor for associations */
	assoc_mgr_lock(&locks);
	_apply_priority_fs();
	assoc_mgr_unlock(&locks);

	/* assign job priorities */
	lock_slurmctld(job_write_lock);
	list_for_each(jobs, (ListForF) decay_apply_weighted_factors, &start);
	unlock_slurmctld(job_write_lock);
}


/* In Fair Tree, usage_efctv is the normalized usage within the account */
static void _ft_set_assoc_usage_efctv(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *assoc)
{
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *parent = assoc->usage->fs_assoc_ptr;

	if (!parent || !parent->usage->usage_raw) {
		assoc->usage->usage_efctv = 0L;
		return;
	}

	assoc->usage->usage_efctv =
		assoc->usage->usage_raw / parent->usage->usage_raw;
}


/* Apply usage with decay factor. Call standard functions */
static int _ft_decay_apply_new_usage(job_record_t *job, time_t *start)
{
	/* Always return SUCCESS so that list_for_each will
	 * continue processing list of jobs. For this reason,
	 * don't call decay_apply_new_usage() directly. */
	decay_apply_new_usage(job, start);

	return SLURM_SUCCESS;
}


static void _ft_debug(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *assoc,
		      uint16_t assoc_level, bool tied)
{
	int spaces;
	char *name;
	int tie_char_count = tied ? 1 : 0;

	spaces = (assoc_level + 1) * 4;
	name = assoc->user ? assoc->user : assoc->acct;

	if (assoc->shares_raw == SLURMDB_FS_USE_PARENT) {
		info("%*s%.*s%s (%s):  parent",
		     spaces,
		     "",
		     tie_char_count,
		     "=",
		     name,
		     assoc->acct);
	} else {
		info("%*s%.*s%s (%s):  %.20Lf",
		     spaces,
		     "",
		     tie_char_count,
		     "=",
		     name,
		     assoc->acct,
		     assoc->usage->level_fs);
	}

}


/* Sort so that higher level_fs values are first in the list */
static int _cmp_level_fs(const void *x,
			 const void *y)
{
	/* We sort based on the following critereon:
	 *  1. level_fs value
	 *  2. Prioritize users over accounts (required for tie breakers when
	 *     comparing users and accounts)
	 */
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t **a = (slurmdb_assoc_rec_t **)x;
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t **b = (slurmdb_assoc_rec_t **)y;

	/* 1. level_fs value */
	if ((*a)->usage->level_fs != (*b)->usage->level_fs)
		return (*a)->usage->level_fs < (*b)->usage->level_fs ? 1 : -1;

	/* 2. Prioritize users over accounts */

	/* a and b are both users or both accounts */
	if (!(*a)->user == !(*b)->user)
		return 0;

	/* -1 if a is user, 1 if b is user */
	return (*a)->user ? -1 : 1;
}


/* Calculate LF = S / U for an association.
 *
 * U is usage_raw / parent's usage_raw.
 * S is shares_raw / level_shares
 *
 * The range of values is 0.0 .. INFINITY.
 * If LF > 1.0, the association is under-served.
 * If LF < 1.0, the association is over-served.
 */
static void _calc_assoc_fs(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *assoc)
{
	long double U; /* long double U != long W */
	long double S;

	_ft_set_assoc_usage_efctv(assoc);

	/* Fair Tree doesn't use usage_norm but we will set it anyway */
	set_assoc_usage_norm(assoc);

	U = assoc->usage->usage_efctv;
	S = assoc->usage->shares_norm;

	/* Users marked as USE_PARENT are assigned the maximum level_fs so they
	 * rank highest in their account, subject to ties.
	 * Accounts marked as USE_PARENT do not use level_fs */
	if (assoc->shares_raw == SLURMDB_FS_USE_PARENT) {
		if (assoc->user)
			assoc->usage->level_fs = INFINITY;
		else
			assoc->usage->level_fs = (long double) NO_VAL;
		return;
	}

	/* If S is 0, the assoc is assigned the lowest possible LF value. If
	 * U==0 && S!=0, assoc is assigned the highest possible value,
	 * infinity.
	 * Checking for U==0 then setting level_fs=INFINITY is not the same
	 * since you would still have to check for S==0 then set level_fs=0.
	 *
	 * NOT A BUG: U can be 0. The result is infinity, a valid value. */
	if (S == 0L)
		assoc->usage->level_fs = 0L;
	else
		assoc->usage->level_fs = S / U;
}

/* Append list of associations to array
 * IN list - list of associations
 * IN merged - array of associations to append to
 * IN/OUT merged_size - number of associations in merged array
 * RET - New array. Must be freed.
 */
static slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** _append_list_to_array(
	List list, slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** merged,
	size_t *merged_size)
{
	ListIterator itr;
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *next;
	size_t bytes;
	size_t i = *merged_size;

	if (!list) {
		error("%s: unable to append NULL list to assoc list.",
		      __func__);

		return merged;
	}

	*merged_size += list_count(list);

	/* must be null-terminated, so add one extra slot */
	bytes = sizeof(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t*) * (*merged_size + 1);
	merged = xrealloc(merged, bytes);

	itr = list_iterator_create(list);
	while ((next = list_next(itr)))
		merged[i++] = next;
	list_iterator_destroy(itr);

	/* null terminate the array */
	merged[*merged_size] = NULL;
	return merged;
}

/* Returns number of tied sibling accounts.
 * IN assocs - array of siblings, sorted by level_fs
 * IN begin_ndx - begin looking for ties at this index
 * RET - number of sibling accounts with equal level_fs values
 */
static size_t _count_tied_accounts(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** assocs,
				   size_t begin_ndx)
{
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t* next_assoc;
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t* assoc = assocs[begin_ndx];
	size_t i = begin_ndx;
	size_t tied_accounts = 0;
	while ((next_assoc = assocs[++i])) {
		/* Users are sorted to the left of accounts, so no user we
		 * encounter here will be equal to this account */
		if (!next_assoc->user)
			break;
		if (assoc->usage->level_fs != next_assoc->usage->level_fs)
			break;
		tied_accounts++;
	}
	return tied_accounts;
}


/* Copy the children of accounts [begin, end] into a single array.
 * IN siblings - array of siblings, sorted by level_fs
 * IN begin - index of first account to merge
 * IN end - index of last account to merge
 * IN assoc_level - depth in the tree (root is 0)
 * RET - Array of the children. Must be freed.
 */
static slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** _merge_accounts(
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** siblings,
	size_t begin, size_t end, uint16_t assoc_level)
{
	size_t i;
	/* number of associations in merged array */
	size_t merged_size = 0;
	/* merged is a null terminated array */
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** merged = (slurmdb_assoc_rec_t **)
		xmalloc(sizeof(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *));
	merged[0] = NULL;

	for (i = begin; i <= end; i++) {
		List children = siblings[i]->usage->children_list;

		/* the first account's debug was already printed */
		if ((slurm_conf.debug_flags & DEBUG_FLAG_PRIO) && i > begin)
			_ft_debug(siblings[i], assoc_level, true);

		if (!children || list_is_empty(children)) {
			continue;
		}

		merged = _append_list_to_array(children, merged, &merged_size);
	}
	return merged;
}


/* Calculate fairshare for each child then sort children by fairshare value
 * (level_fs). Once they are sorted, operate on each child in sorted order.
 * This portion of the tree is now sorted and users are given a fairshare value
 * based on the order they are operated on. The basic equation is
 * (rank / g_user_assoc_count), though ties are allowed. The rank is
 * decremented for each user that is encountered except when ties occur.
 *
 * Tie Handling Rules:
 * 	1) Sibling users with the same level_fs receive the same rank
 *	2) Sibling accounts with the same level_fs have their children lists
 *	   merged before sorting
 *	3) A user with the same level_fs as a sibling account will receive
 *	   the same rank as the account's highest ranked user
 *
 * IN siblings - array of siblings
 * IN assoc_level - depth in the tree (root is 0)
 * IN/OUT rank - current user ranking, starting at g_user_assoc_count
 * IN/OUT rnt - rank, no ties (what rank would be if no tie exists)
 * IN account_tied - is this account tied with the previous user
 */
static void _calc_tree_fs(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** siblings,
			  uint16_t assoc_level, uint32_t *rank,
			  uint32_t *rnt, bool account_tied)
{
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *assoc = NULL;
	long double prev_level_fs = (long double) NO_VAL;
	bool tied = false;
	size_t i;

	if (!siblings) {
		error("%s: unable to calculate fairshare on empty tree",
		      __func__);
		return;
	}

	/* Calculate level_fs for each child */
	for (i = 0; (assoc = siblings[i]); i++)
		_calc_assoc_fs(assoc);

	/* Sort children by level_fs */
	qsort(siblings, i, sizeof(slurmdb_assoc_rec_t *), _cmp_level_fs);

	/* Iterate through children in sorted order. If it's a user, calculate
	 * fs_factor, otherwise recurse. */
	for (i = 0; (assoc = siblings[i]); i++) {
		/* tied is used while iterating across siblings.
		 * account_tied preserves ties while recursing */
		if (i == 0 && account_tied) {
			/* The parent was tied so this level starts out tied */
			tied = true;
		} else {
			tied = prev_level_fs == assoc->usage->level_fs;
		}

		if (slurm_conf.debug_flags & DEBUG_FLAG_PRIO)
			_ft_debug(assoc, assoc_level, tied);

		/* If user, set their final fairshare factor and
		 * handle ranking.
		 * If account, merge any tied accounts then recurse with the
		 * merged children array. */
		if (assoc->user) {
			if (!tied)
				*rank = *rnt;

			assoc->usage->fs_factor =
				*rank / (double) g_user_assoc_count;

			(*rnt)--;
		} else {
			slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** children;
			size_t merge_count = _count_tied_accounts(siblings, i);

			/* Merging does not affect child level_fs calculations
			 * since the necessary information is stored on each
			 * assoc's usage struct */
			children = _merge_accounts(siblings, i,
						   i + merge_count,
						   assoc_level);

			_calc_tree_fs(children, assoc_level+1,
				      rank, rnt, tied);

			/* Skip over any merged accounts */
			i += merge_count;

			xfree(children);
		}
		prev_level_fs = assoc->usage->level_fs;
	}

}


/* Start fairshare calculations at root. Call assoc_mgr_lock before this. */
static void _apply_priority_fs(void)
{
	slurmdb_assoc_rec_t** children = NULL;
	uint32_t rank = g_user_assoc_count;
	uint32_t rnt = rank;
	size_t child_count = 0;

	log_flag(PRIO, "Fair Tree fairshare algorithm, starting at root:");

	assoc_mgr_root_assoc->usage->level_fs = (long double) NO_VAL;

	/* _calc_tree_fs requires an array instead of List */
	children = _append_list_to_array(
		assoc_mgr_root_assoc->usage->children_list,
		children,
		&child_count);

	_calc_tree_fs(children, 0, &rank, &rnt, false);

	xfree(children);
}
