\input texinfo    @c -*- texinfo -*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ivy.info
@settitle Ivy User Manual
@documentencoding UTF-8
@documentlanguage en
@c %**end of header

@copying
@ifnottex
Ivy manual, version 0.15.0

Ivy is an interactive interface for completion in Emacs. Emacs uses
completion mechanism in a variety of contexts: code, menus, commands,
variables, functions, etc. Completion entails listing, sorting,
filtering, previewing, and applying actions on selected items. When
active, @code{ivy-mode} completes the selection process by narrowing
available choices while previewing in the minibuffer. Selecting the
final candidate is either through simple keyboard character inputs or
through powerful regular expressions.
@end ifnottex

Copyright (C) 2015--2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".

@end quotation
@end copying

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Ivy: (ivy).           Using Ivy for completion.
@end direntry

@finalout
@titlepage
@title Ivy User Manual
@author Oleh Krehel
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage

@contents

@ifnottex
@node Top
@top Ivy User Manual
@end ifnottex

@menu
* Introduction::
* Installation::
* Getting started::
* Key bindings::
* Completion Styles::
* Customization::
* Commands::
* API::
* Variable Index::
* Keystroke Index::

@detailmenu
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Installation

* Installing from Emacs Package Manager::
* Installing from the Git repository::

Getting started

* Basic customization::

Key bindings

* Global key bindings::
* Minibuffer key bindings::

Minibuffer key bindings

* Key bindings for navigation::
* Key bindings for single selection, action, then exit minibuffer: Key bindings for single selection action then exit minibuffer. 
* Key bindings for multiple selections and actions, keep minibuffer open: Key bindings for multiple selections and actions keep minibuffer open. 
* Key bindings that alter the minibuffer input::
* Other key bindings::
* Hydra in the minibuffer::
* Saving the current completion session to a buffer::

Completion Styles

* ivy--regex-plus::
* ivy--regex-ignore-order::
* ivy--regex-fuzzy::

Customization

* Faces::
* Defcustoms::
* Actions::
* Packages::

Actions

* What are actions?::
* How can different actions be called?::
* How to modify the actions list?::
* Example - add two actions to each command::
* Example - define a new command with several actions::

Example - add two actions to each command

* How to undo adding the two actions::
* How to add actions to a specific command::

Example - define a new command with several actions

* Test the above function with @code{ivy-occur}::

Commands

* File Name Completion::
* Buffer Name Completion::
* Counsel commands::

File Name Completion

* Using TRAMP::

API

* Required arguments for @code{ivy-read}::
* Optional arguments for @code{ivy-read}::
* Example - @code{counsel-describe-function}::
* Example - @code{counsel-locate}::
* Example - @code{ivy-read-with-extra-properties}::

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@node Introduction
@chapter Introduction

Ivy is for quick and easy selection from a list. When Emacs prompts
for a string from a list of several possible choices, Ivy springs into
action to assist in narrowing and picking the right string from a vast
number of choices.

Ivy strives for minimalism, simplicity, customizability and
discoverability.

@subsubheading Minimalism
@indentedblock
Uncluttered minibuffer is minimalism. Ivy shows the completion
defaults, the number of matches, and 10 candidate matches below
the input line. Customize @code{ivy-height} to adjust the number of
candidate matches displayed in the minibuffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading Simplicity
@indentedblock
Simplicity is about Ivy's behavior in the minibuffer. It is also
about the code interface to extend Ivy's functionality. The
minibuffer area behaves as close to @code{fundamental-mode} as
possible. @kbd{SPC} inserts a space, for example, instead of being
bound to the more complex @code{minibuffer-complete-word}. Ivy's code
uses easy-to-examine global variables; avoids needless
complications with branch-introducing custom macros.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading Customizability
@indentedblock
Customizability is about being able to use different methods and
interfaces of completion to tailor the selection process. For
example, adding a custom display function that points to a
selected candidate with @code{>}, instead of highlighting the selected
candidate with the @code{ivy-current-match} face (see
@code{ivy-format-functions-alist}). Or take the customization of actions, say
after the candidate function is selected. @kbd{RET} uses
@code{counsel-describe-function} to describe the function, whereas
@kbd{M-o d} jumps to that function's definition in the code. The
@kbd{M-o} prefix can be uniformly used with characters like @kbd{d} to
group similar actions.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading Discoverability
@indentedblock
Ivy displays easily discoverable commands through the hydra
facility.  @kbd{C-o} in the minibuffer displays a hydra menu. It
opens up within an expanded minibuffer area. Each menu item comes
with short documentation strings and highlighted one-key
completions. So discovering even seldom used keys is simply a
matter of @kbd{C-o} in the minibuffer while in the midst of the Ivy
interaction. This discoverability minimizes exiting Ivy interface
for documentation look-ups.
@end indentedblock

@node Installation
@chapter Installation

Install Ivy automatically through Emacs's package manager, or manually
from Ivy's development repository.

Emacs 24.5 is the oldest version to run Ivy.

@menu
* Installing from Emacs Package Manager::
* Installing from the Git repository::
@end menu

@node Installing from Emacs Package Manager
@section Installing from Emacs Package Manager

@kbd{M-x} @code{package-install} @kbd{RET} @code{counsel} @kbd{RET}

Ivy is installed alongside the @code{counsel} package, which is available
from two different package archives, GNU ELPA and MELPA@.  For the
latest stable version, use the GNU ELPA archive.  For the latest
development snapshot, use the GNU-devel ELPA archive.

Ivy is split into three packages: @code{ivy}, @code{swiper} and @code{counsel}; by
installing @code{counsel}, the other two are brought in as dependencies.
If you are not interested in the extra functionality provided by
@code{swiper} and @code{counsel}, you can install only @code{ivy}.

See the code below for adding GNU-devel ELPA to your list of package
archives:

@lisp
(require 'package)
(add-to-list 'package-archives
             '("gnu-devel" . "https://elpa.gnu.org/devel/"))
@end lisp

After this do @kbd{M-x} @code{package-refresh-contents} @kbd{RET}, followed by @kbd{M-x}
@code{package-install} @kbd{RET} @code{counsel} @kbd{RET}.

For package manager details, see @ref{Packages,,,emacs,}.

@node Installing from the Git repository
@section Installing from the Git repository

@subsubheading Why install from Git?
@indentedblock
@itemize
@item
No need to wait for GNU ELPA / MELPA builds
@item
Easy to revert to previous versions
@item
Contribute to Ivy's development; send patches; pull requests
@end itemize
@end indentedblock


@subsubheading Configuration steps
@indentedblock
First clone the Swiper repository with:

@example
cd ~/git && git clone 'https://github.com/abo-abo/swiper.git'
cd swiper && make deps compile
@end example

Second, add these lines to the Emacs init file:

@lisp
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/git/swiper")
(require 'ivy)
@end lisp

Then, update the code with:

@example
git pull
make
@end example
@end indentedblock

@node Getting started
@chapter Getting started

First enable Ivy completion everywhere:

@lisp
(ivy-mode 1)
@end lisp

Note: @code{ivy-mode} can be toggled on and off with @kbd{M-x} @code{ivy-mode}.

@menu
* Basic customization::
@end menu

@node Basic customization
@section Basic customization

Here are some basic settings particularly useful for new Ivy users:

@lisp
(setq ivy-use-virtual-buffers t)
(setq ivy-count-format "(%d/%d) ")
@end lisp

If you want, you can go without any customizations at all. The above
settings are the most bang for the buck in terms of customization.  So
users that typically don't like customize a lot are advised to look at
these settings first.

For more advanced customizations, refer to @code{M-x describe-variable}
documentation.

@node Key bindings
@chapter Key bindings

@menu
* Global key bindings::
* Minibuffer key bindings::
@end menu

@node Global key bindings
@section Global key bindings

Here is a list of commands that are useful to be bound globally, along
with some sample bindings:

@subsubheading Ivy-based interface to standard commands
@indentedblock
@lisp
(global-set-key (kbd "C-s") 'swiper-isearch)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-x") 'counsel-M-x)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-f") 'counsel-find-file)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-y") 'counsel-yank-pop)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f1> f") 'counsel-describe-function)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f1> v") 'counsel-describe-variable)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f1> l") 'counsel-find-library)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f2> i") 'counsel-info-lookup-symbol)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f2> u") 'counsel-unicode-char)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f2> j") 'counsel-set-variable)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x b") 'ivy-switch-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c v") 'ivy-push-view)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c V") 'ivy-pop-view)
@end lisp
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading Ivy-based interface to shell and system tools
@indentedblock
@lisp
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") 'counsel-compile)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c g") 'counsel-git)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c j") 'counsel-git-grep)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c L") 'counsel-git-log)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c k") 'counsel-rg)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c m") 'counsel-linux-app)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c n") 'counsel-fzf)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x l") 'counsel-locate)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c J") 'counsel-file-jump)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-S-o") 'counsel-rhythmbox)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c w") 'counsel-wmctrl)
@end lisp
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading Ivy-resume and other commands
@indentedblock
@code{ivy-resume} resumes the last Ivy-based completion.

@lisp
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-r") 'ivy-resume)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c b") 'counsel-bookmark)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'counsel-descbinds)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c g") 'counsel-git)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c o") 'counsel-outline)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c t") 'counsel-load-theme)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c F") 'counsel-org-file)
@end lisp
@end indentedblock

You can also enable @code{counsel-mode} to make some global key binding remapping for you.

@node Minibuffer key bindings
@section Minibuffer key bindings

@vindex ivy-minibuffer-map
Ivy includes several minibuffer bindings, which are defined in the
@code{ivy-minibuffer-map} keymap variable. The most frequently used ones
are described here.

@code{swiper} or @code{counsel-M-x} add more key bindings through the @code{keymap}
argument to @code{ivy-read}. These keys, also active in the minibuffer, are
described under their respective commands.

A key feature of @code{ivy-minibuffer-map} is its full editing capability
where the familiar @kbd{C-a}, @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{M-d}, @kbd{M-DEL}, @kbd{M-b}, @kbd{M-w}, @kbd{C-k},
@kbd{C-y} key bindings work the same as in @code{fundamental-mode}.

@menu
* Key bindings for navigation::
* Key bindings for single selection, action, then exit minibuffer: Key bindings for single selection action then exit minibuffer. 
* Key bindings for multiple selections and actions, keep minibuffer open: Key bindings for multiple selections and actions keep minibuffer open. 
* Key bindings that alter the minibuffer input::
* Other key bindings::
* Hydra in the minibuffer::
* Saving the current completion session to a buffer::
@end menu

@node Key bindings for navigation
@subsection Key bindings for navigation

@itemize
@item
@kbd{C-n} (@code{ivy-next-line}) selects the next candidate
@item
@kbd{C-p} (@code{ivy-previous-line}) selects the previous candidate
@item
@kbd{M-<} (@code{ivy-beginning-of-buffer}) selects the first candidate
@item
@kbd{M->} (@code{ivy-end-of-buffer}) selects the last candidate
@item
@kbd{C-v} (@code{ivy-scroll-up-command}) scrolls up by @code{ivy-height} lines
@item
@kbd{M-v} (@code{ivy-scroll-down-command}) scrolls down by @code{ivy-height} lines
@end itemize


@defopt ivy-wrap
Specifies the wrap-around behavior for @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p}. When
@code{ivy-wrap} is set to @code{t}, @code{ivy-next-line} and @code{ivy-previous-line}
will cycle past the last and the first candidates respectively.

Wrap-around behavior is off by default.
@end defopt

@defopt ivy-height
Use this option to adjust the minibuffer height, which also
affects scroll size when using @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v} key bindings.

@code{ivy-height} is 10 lines by default.
@end defopt

@node Key bindings for single selection action then exit minibuffer
@subsection Key bindings for single selection, action, then exit minibuffer

Ivy can offer several actions from which to choose which action to
run. This "calling an action" operates on the selected candidate. For
example, when viewing a list of files, one action could open it for
editing, one to view it, another to invoke a special function, and so
on. Custom actions can be added to this interface. The precise action
to call on the selected candidate can be delayed until after the
narrowing is completed. No need to exit the interface if unsure which
action to run. This delayed flexibility and customization of actions
extends usability of lists in Emacs.

@subsubheading @kbd{C-m} or @kbd{RET} (@code{ivy-done})
@vindex ivy-done
@kindex C-m
@kindex RET
@indentedblock
Calls the default action and then exits the minibuffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{M-o} (@code{ivy-dispatching-done})
@vindex ivy-dispatching-done
@kindex M-o
@indentedblock
Presents valid actions from which to choose. When only one action
is available, there is no difference between @kbd{M-o} and @kbd{C-m}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-j} (@code{ivy-alt-done})
@vindex ivy-alt-done
@kindex C-j
@indentedblock
When completing file names, selects the current directory
candidate and starts a new completion session there. Otherwise,
it is the same as @code{ivy-done}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{TAB} (@code{ivy-partial-or-done})
@vindex ivy-partial-or-done
@kindex TAB
@indentedblock
Attempts partial completion, extending current input as much as
possible. @kbd{TAB TAB} is the same as @kbd{C-j} (@code{ivy-alt-done}).

Example ERT test:

@lisp
(should
 (equal (ivy-with
         '(progn
            (ivy-read "Test: " '("can do" "can't, sorry" "other"))
            ivy-text)
         "c <tab>")
        "can"))
@end lisp
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-M-j} (@code{ivy-immediate-done})
@vindex ivy-immediate-done
@kindex C-M-j
@indentedblock
Exits with @emph{the current input} instead of @emph{the current candidate}
(like other commands).

This is useful e.g. when you call @code{find-file} to create a new
file, but the desired name matches an existing file. In that
case, using @kbd{C-j} would select that existing file, which isn't
what you want - use this command instead.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-'} (@code{ivy-avy})
@vindex ivy-avy
@kindex C-'
@indentedblock
Uses avy to select one of the candidates on the current candidate
page.  This can often be faster than multiple @kbd{C-n} or @kbd{C-p}
keystrokes followed by @kbd{C-m}.
@end indentedblock

@node Key bindings for multiple selections and actions keep minibuffer open
@subsection Key bindings for multiple selections and actions, keep minibuffer open

For repeatedly applying multiple actions or acting on multiple
candidates, Ivy does not close the minibuffer between commands.  It
keeps the minibuffer open for applying subsequent actions.

Adding an extra meta key to the normal key chord invokes the special
version of the regular commands that enables applying multiple
actions.

Note that these operations are supported only by completion sessions
that use the @code{ivy-read} API, rather than the built-in
@code{completing-read}.

@subsubheading @kbd{C-M-m} (@code{ivy-call})
@vindex ivy-call
@kindex C-M-m
@indentedblock
Is the non-exiting version of @kbd{C-m} (@code{ivy-done}).

Instead of closing the minibuffer, @kbd{C-M-m} allows selecting
another candidate or another action. For example, @kbd{C-M-m} on
functions list invokes @code{describe-function}. When combined with
@kbd{C-n}, function descriptions can be invoked quickly in
succession.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-M-o} (@code{ivy-dispatching-call})
@vindex ivy-dispatching-call
@kindex C-M-o
@indentedblock
Is the non-exiting version of @kbd{M-o} (@code{ivy-dispatching-done}).

For example, during the @code{counsel-rhythmbox} completion, press
@kbd{C-M-o e} to en-queue the selected candidate, followed by @kbd{C-n
     C-m} to play the next candidate - the current action reverts to
the default one after @kbd{C-M-o}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-M-n} (@code{ivy-next-line-and-call})
@vindex ivy-next-line-and-call
@kindex C-M-n
@indentedblock
Combines @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-M-m}. Moves to next line and applies an action.

Comes in handy when opening multiple files from
@code{counsel-find-file}, @code{counsel-git-grep}, @code{counsel-ag}, @code{counsel-rg}, or
@code{counsel-locate} lists. Just hold @kbd{C-M-n} for rapid-fire default
action on each successive element of the list.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-M-p} (@code{ivy-previous-line-and-call})
@vindex ivy-previous-line-and-call
@kindex C-M-p
@indentedblock
Combines @kbd{C-p} and @kbd{C-M-m}.

Similar to the above except it moves through the list in the
other direction.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-resume}
@vindex ivy-resume
@indentedblock
Recalls the state of the completion session just before its last
exit.

Useful after an accidental @kbd{C-m} (@code{ivy-done}).
Use it with @code{universal-argument} to resume any previous session.
@end indentedblock

@node Key bindings that alter the minibuffer input
@subsection Key bindings that alter the minibuffer input

@subsubheading @kbd{M-n} (@code{ivy-next-history-element})
@vindex ivy-next-history-element
@kindex M-n
@indentedblock
Cycles forward through the Ivy command history.

Ivy updates an internal history list after each action. When this
history list is empty, @kbd{M-n} inserts symbol (or URL) at point
into the minibuffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{M-p} (@code{ivy-previous-history-element})
@vindex ivy-previous-history-element
@kindex M-p
@indentedblock
Cycles backwards through the Ivy command history.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{M-i} (@code{ivy-insert-current})
@vindex ivy-insert-current
@kindex M-i
@indentedblock
Inserts the current candidate into the minibuffer.

Useful for copying and renaming files, for example: @kbd{M-i} to
insert the original file name string, edit it, and then @kbd{C-m} to
complete the renaming.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{M-j} (@code{ivy-yank-word})
@vindex ivy-yank-word
@kindex M-j
@indentedblock
Inserts the sub-word at point into the minibuffer.

This is similar to @kbd{C-s C-w} with @code{isearch}.  Ivy reserves @kbd{C-w}
for @code{kill-region}.  See also @code{ivy-yank-symbol} and
@code{ivy-yank-char}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{S-SPC} (@code{ivy-restrict-to-matches})
@vindex ivy-restrict-to-matches
@kindex S-SPC
@indentedblock
Deletes the current input, and resets the candidates list to the
currently restricted matches.

This is how Ivy provides narrowing in successive tiers.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-r} (@code{ivy-reverse-i-search})
@vindex ivy-reverse-i-search
@kindex C-r
@indentedblock
Starts a recursive completion session through the command's
history.

This works just like @kbd{C-r} at the bash command prompt, where the
completion candidates are the history items. Upon completion, the
selected candidate string is inserted into the minibuffer.
@end indentedblock

@node Other key bindings
@subsection Other key bindings

@subsubheading @kbd{M-w} (@code{ivy-kill-ring-save})
@vindex ivy-kill-ring-save
@kindex M-w
@indentedblock
Copies selected candidates to the kill ring.

Copies the region if the region is active.
@end indentedblock

@node Hydra in the minibuffer
@subsection Hydra in the minibuffer

@subsubheading @kbd{C-o} (@code{hydra-ivy/body})
@kindex C-o
@indentedblock
Invokes the hydra menu with short key bindings.
@end indentedblock

When Hydra is active, minibuffer editing is disabled and menus
display short aliases:

@multitable {aaaaa} {aaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa}
@headitem Short
@tab Normal
@tab Command name
@item @kbd{o}
@tab @kbd{C-g}
@tab @code{keyboard-escape-quit}
@item @kbd{j}
@tab @kbd{C-n}
@tab @code{ivy-next-line}
@item @kbd{k}
@tab @kbd{C-p}
@tab @code{ivy-previous-line}
@item @kbd{h}
@tab @kbd{M-<}
@tab @code{ivy-beginning-of-buffer}
@item @kbd{l}
@tab @kbd{M->}
@tab @code{ivy-end-of-buffer}
@item @kbd{d}
@tab @kbd{C-m}
@tab @code{ivy-done}
@item @kbd{f}
@tab @kbd{C-j}
@tab @code{ivy-alt-done}
@item @kbd{g}
@tab @kbd{C-M-m}
@tab @code{ivy-call}
@item @kbd{u}
@tab @kbd{C-c C-o}
@tab @code{ivy-occur}
@end multitable

Hydra reduces key strokes, for example: @kbd{C-n C-n C-n C-n} is @kbd{C-o
jjjj} in Hydra.

Hydra menu offers these additional bindings:

@subsubheading @kbd{c} (@code{ivy-toggle-calling})
@vindex ivy-toggle-calling
@kindex c
@indentedblock
Toggle calling the action after each candidate change. It
modifies @kbd{j} to @kbd{jg}, @kbd{k} to @kbd{kg} etc.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{M} (@code{ivy-rotate-preferred-builders})
@vindex ivy-rotate-preferred-builders
@kindex M
@indentedblock
Rotate the current regexp matcher.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{>} (@code{ivy-minibuffer-grow})
@vindex ivy-minibuffer-grow
@kindex >
@indentedblock
Increase @code{ivy-height} for the current minibuffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{<} (@code{ivy-minibuffer-shrink})
@vindex ivy-minibuffer-shrink
@kindex <
@indentedblock
Decrease @code{ivy-height} for the current minibuffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{w} (@code{ivy-prev-action})
@vindex ivy-prev-action
@kindex w
@indentedblock
Select the previous action.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{s} (@code{ivy-next-action})
@vindex ivy-next-action
@kindex s
@indentedblock
Select the next action.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{a} (@code{ivy-read-action})
@vindex ivy-read-action
@kindex a
@indentedblock
Use a menu to select an action.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C} (@code{ivy-toggle-case-fold})
@vindex ivy-toggle-case-fold
@kindex C
@indentedblock
Toggle case folding (match both upper and lower case
characters for lower case input).
@end indentedblock

Hydra menu also offers bindings for marking multiple candidates:

@multitable {aaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa}
@headitem Key
@tab Command name
@item @kbd{m}
@tab @code{ivy-mark}
@item @kbd{u}
@tab @code{ivy-unmark}
@item @kbd{DEL}
@tab @code{ivy-unmark-backward}
@item @kbd{t}
@tab @code{ivy-toggle-marks}
@end multitable

The action is called on each marked candidate one by one.

@node Saving the current completion session to a buffer
@subsection Saving the current completion session to a buffer

@subsubheading @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{ivy-occur})
@vindex ivy-occur
@kindex C-c C-o
@indentedblock
Saves the current candidates to a new buffer and exits
completion.
@end indentedblock

The new buffer is read-only and has a few useful bindings defined.

@subsubheading @kbd{RET} or @kbd{f} (@code{ivy-occur-press})
@vindex ivy-occur-press
@kindex RET
@kindex f
@indentedblock
Call the current action on the selected candidate.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{mouse-1} (@code{ivy-occur-click})
@vindex ivy-occur-click
@kindex mouse-1
@indentedblock
Call the current action on the selected candidate.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{j} (@code{next-line})
@kindex j
@indentedblock
Move to next line.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{k} (@code{previous-line})
@kindex k
@indentedblock
Move to previous line.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{a} (@code{ivy-occur-read-action})
@vindex ivy-occur-read-action
@kindex a
@indentedblock
Read an action and make it current for this buffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{o} (@code{ivy-occur-dispatch})
@vindex ivy-occur-dispatch
@kindex o
@indentedblock
Read an action and call it on the selected candidate.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{q} (@code{quit-window})
@kindex q
@indentedblock
Bury the current buffer.
@end indentedblock


Ivy has no limit on the number of active buffers like these.

Ivy takes care of naming buffers uniquely by constructing descriptive
names. For example: @code{*ivy-occur counsel-describe-variable
"function$*}.

@node Completion Styles
@chapter Completion Styles

Ivy's completion functions rely on a regex builder - a function that
transforms a string input to a string regex. All current candidates
simply have to match this regex. Each collection can be assigned its
own regex builder by customizing @code{ivy-re-builders-alist}.

The keys of this alist are collection names, and the values are one of
the following:
@itemize
@item
@code{ivy--regex}
@item
@code{ivy--regex-plus}
@item
@code{ivy--regex-ignore-order}
@item
@code{ivy--regex-fuzzy}
@item
@code{regexp-quote}
@end itemize

A catch-all key, @code{t}, applies to all collections that don't have their
own key.

The default is:

@lisp
(setq ivy-re-builders-alist
      '((t . ivy--regex-plus)))
@end lisp

This example shows a custom regex builder assigned to file name
completion:

@lisp
(setq ivy-re-builders-alist
      '((read-file-name-internal . ivy--regex-fuzzy)
        (t . ivy--regex-plus)))
@end lisp

Here, @code{read-file-name-internal} is a function that is passed as the
second argument to @code{completing-read} for file name completion.

The regex builder resolves as follows (in order of priority):
@enumerate
@item
@code{re-builder} argument passed to @code{ivy-read}.
@item
@code{collection} argument passed to @code{ivy-read} is a function and has an
entry on @code{ivy-re-builders-alist}.
@item
@code{caller} argument passed to @code{ivy-read} has an entry on
@code{ivy-re-builders-alist}.
@item
@code{this-command} has an entry on @code{ivy-re-builders-alist}.
@item
@code{t} has an entry on @code{ivy-re-builders-alist}.
@item
@code{ivy--regex}.
@end enumerate

@menu
* ivy--regex-plus::
* ivy--regex-ignore-order::
* ivy--regex-fuzzy::
@end menu

@node ivy--regex-plus
@section ivy--regex-plus

@code{ivy--regex-plus} is Ivy's default completion method.

@code{ivy--regex-plus} matches by splitting the input by spaces and
rebuilding it into a regex.

As the search string is typed in Ivy's minibuffer, it is transformed
into valid regex syntax. If the string is @code{"for example"}, it is
transformed into

@lisp
"\\(for\\).*\\(example\\)"
@end lisp

which in regex terminology matches @code{"for"} followed by a wild card and
then @code{"example"}. Note how Ivy uses the space character to build wild
cards. To match a literal white space, use an extra space. So to match
one space type two spaces, to match two spaces type three spaces, and
so on.

As Ivy transforms typed characters into regex strings, it provides an
intuitive feedback through font highlights.

Ivy supports regexp negation with @code{"!"}.
For example, @code{"define key ! ivy quit"} first selects everything
matching @code{"define.*key"}, then removes everything matching @code{"ivy"},
and finally removes everything matching @code{"quit"}. What remains is the
final result set of the negation regexp.

Since Ivy treats minibuffer input as a regexp, the standard regexp
identifiers work: @code{"^"}, @code{"$"}, @code{"\b"} or @code{"[a-z]"}. The exceptions
are spaces, which translate to @code{".*"}, and @code{"!"} that signal the
beginning of a negation group.

@node ivy--regex-ignore-order
@section ivy--regex-ignore-order

@code{ivy--regex-ignore-order} ignores the order of regexp tokens when
searching for matching candidates. For instance, the input
@code{"for example"} will match @code{"example test for"}.

@node ivy--regex-fuzzy
@section ivy--regex-fuzzy

@code{ivy--regex-fuzzy} splits each character with a wild card. Searching
for @code{"for"} returns all @code{"f.*o.*r"} matches, resulting in a large
number of hits.  Yet some searches need these extra hits. Ivy sorts
such large lists using @code{flx} package's scoring mechanism, if it's
installed.

@kbd{C-o m} toggles the current regexp builder.

@node Customization
@chapter Customization

@menu
* Faces::
* Defcustoms::
* Actions::
* Packages::
@end menu

@node Faces
@section Faces

@subsubheading @code{ivy-current-match}
@vindex ivy-current-match
@indentedblock
Highlights the currently selected candidate.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-minibuffer-match-face-1}
@vindex ivy-minibuffer-match-face-1
@indentedblock
Highlights the background of the match.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-minibuffer-match-face-2}
@vindex ivy-minibuffer-match-face-2
@indentedblock
Highlights the first (modulo 3) matched group.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-minibuffer-match-face-3}
@vindex ivy-minibuffer-match-face-3
@indentedblock
Highlights the second (modulo 3) matched group.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-minibuffer-match-face-4}
@vindex ivy-minibuffer-match-face-4
@indentedblock
Highlights the third (modulo 3) matched group.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-confirm-face}
@vindex ivy-confirm-face
@indentedblock
Highlights the "(confirm)" part of the prompt.

When @code{confirm-nonexistent-file-or-buffer} set to @code{t}, then
confirming non-existent files in @code{ivy-mode} requires an
additional @kbd{RET}.

The confirmation prompt will use this face.

For example:

@lisp
(setq confirm-nonexistent-file-or-buffer t)
@end lisp

Then call @code{find-file}, enter "eldorado" and press @kbd{RET} - the
prompt will be appended with "(confirm)". Press @kbd{RET} once more
to confirm, or any key to continue the completion.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-match-required-face}
@vindex ivy-match-required-face
@indentedblock
Highlights the "(match required)" part of the prompt.

When completions have to match available candidates and cannot
take random input, the "(match required)" prompt signals this
constraint.

For example, call @code{describe-variable}, enter "waldo" and press
@kbd{RET} - "(match required)" is prompted.
Press any key for the prompt to disappear.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-subdir}
@vindex ivy-subdir
@indentedblock
Highlights directories when completing file names.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-remote}
@vindex ivy-remote
@indentedblock
Highlights remote files when completing file names.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-virtual}
@vindex ivy-virtual
@indentedblock
Highlights virtual buffers when completing buffer names.

Virtual buffers correspond to bookmarks and recent files list,
@code{recentf}.

Enable virtual buffers with:

@lisp
(setq ivy-use-virtual-buffers t)
@end lisp
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-modified-buffer}
@vindex ivy-modified-buffer
@indentedblock
Highlights modified buffers when switching buffer.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{ivy-modified-outside-buffer}
@vindex ivy-modified-outside-buffer
@indentedblock
Highlights buffers modified outside Emacs when switching buffer.

This takes precedence over @code{ivy-modified-buffer}.
@end indentedblock

@node Defcustoms
@section Defcustoms

@defopt ivy-count-format
A string that specifies display of number of candidates and
current candidate, if one exists.

The number of matching candidates by default is shown as a right-
padded integer value.

To disable showing the number of candidates:

@lisp
(setq ivy-count-format "")
@end lisp

To also display the current candidate:

@lisp
(setq ivy-count-format "(%d/%d) ")
@end lisp

The @code{format}-style switches this variable uses are described
in the @code{format} documentation.
@end defopt

@defopt ivy-display-style
Specifies highlighting candidates in the minibuffer.

The default setting is @code{fancy}.

Set @code{ivy-display-style} to @code{nil} for a plain minibuffer.
@end defopt

@defopt ivy-on-del-error-function
Specifies what to do when @kbd{DEL} (@code{ivy-backward-delete-char}) fails.

This is usually the case when there is no text left to delete,
i.e., when @kbd{DEL} is typed at the beginning of the minibuffer.

The default behavior is to quit the completion after @kbd{DEL} -- a
handy key to invoke after mistakenly triggering a completion.

Another common option is @code{ignore}, which does nothing.
@end defopt

@node Actions
@section Actions

@menu
* What are actions?::
* How can different actions be called?::
* How to modify the actions list?::
* Example - add two actions to each command::
* Example - define a new command with several actions::
@end menu

@node What are actions?
@subsection What are actions?

An action is a function that is called after you select a candidate
during completion. This function takes a single string argument, which
is the selected candidate.

@subsubheading Window context when calling an action
@indentedblock
Currently, the action is executed in the minibuffer window
context. This means e.g. that if you call @code{insert} the text will
be inserted into the minibuffer.

If you want to execute the action in the initial window from
which the completion started, use the @code{with-ivy-window} wrapper
macro.

@lisp
(defun ivy-insert-action (x)
  (with-ivy-window
    (insert x)))
@end lisp
@end indentedblock

@node How can different actions be called?
@subsection How can different actions be called?

@itemize
@item
@kbd{C-m} (@code{ivy-done}) calls the current action.
@item
@kbd{M-o} (@code{ivy-dispatching-done}) presents available actions for
selection, calls it after selection, and then exits.
@item
@kbd{C-M-o} (@code{ivy-dispatching-call}) presents available actions for
selection, calls it after selection, and then does not exit.
@end itemize

@node How to modify the actions list?
@subsection How to modify the actions list?

Currently, you can append any amount of your own actions to the
default list of actions. This can be done either for a specific
command, or for all commands at once.

Usually, the command has only one default action. The convention is to
use single letters when selecting a command, and the letter @kbd{o} is
designated for the default command. This way, @kbd{M-o o} should be always
equivalent to @kbd{C-m}.

@node Example - add two actions to each command
@subsection Example - add two actions to each command

The first action inserts the current candidate into the Ivy window -
the window from which @code{ivy-read} was called.

The second action copies the current candidate to the kill ring.

@lisp
(defun ivy-yank-action (x)
  (kill-new x))

(defun ivy-copy-to-buffer-action (x)
  (with-ivy-window
    (insert x)))

(ivy-set-actions
 t
 '(("i" ivy-copy-to-buffer-action "insert")
   ("y" ivy-yank-action "yank")))
@end lisp

Then in any completion session, @kbd{M-o y} invokes @code{ivy-yank-action}, and
@kbd{M-o i} invokes @code{ivy-copy-to-buffer-action}.

@menu
* How to undo adding the two actions::
* How to add actions to a specific command::
@end menu

@node How to undo adding the two actions
@subsubsection How to undo adding the two actions

Since @code{ivy-set-actions} modifies the internal dictionary with new
data, set the extra actions list to @code{nil} by assigning @code{nil} value to
the @code{t} key as follows:

@lisp
(ivy-set-actions t nil)
@end lisp

@node How to add actions to a specific command
@subsubsection How to add actions to a specific command

Use the command name as the key:

@lisp
(ivy-set-actions
 'swiper
 '(("i" ivy-copy-to-buffer-action "insert")
   ("y" ivy-yank-action "yank")))
@end lisp

@node Example - define a new command with several actions
@subsection Example - define a new command with several actions

@lisp
(defun my-action-1 (x)
  (message "action-1: %s" x))

(defun my-action-2 (x)
  (message "action-2: %s" x))

(defun my-action-3 (x)
  (message "action-3: %s" x))

(defun my-command-with-3-actions ()
  (interactive)
  (ivy-read "test: " '("foo" "bar" "baz")
            :action '(1
                      ("o" my-action-1 "action 1")
                      ("j" my-action-2 "action 2")
                      ("k" my-action-3 "action 3"))))
@end lisp

The number 1 above is the index of the default action. Each
action has its own string description for easy selection.

@menu
* Test the above function with @code{ivy-occur}::
@end menu

@node Test the above function with @code{ivy-occur}
@subsubsection Test the above function with @code{ivy-occur}

To examine each action with each candidate in a key-efficient way, try:

@itemize
@item
Call @code{my-command-with-3-actions}
@item
Press @kbd{C-c C-o} to close the completion window and move to an
ivy-occur buffer
@item
Press @kbd{kkk} to move to the first candidate, since the point is most
likely at the end of the buffer
@item
Press @kbd{oo} to call the first action
@item
Press @kbd{oj} and @kbd{ok} to call the second and the third actions
@item
Press @kbd{j} to move to the next candidate
@item
Press @kbd{oo}, @kbd{oj}, @kbd{ok}
@item
Press @kbd{j} to move to the next candidate
@item
and so on@dots{}
@end itemize

@node Packages
@section Packages

@subsubheading @code{org-mode}
@indentedblock
@code{org-mode} versions 8.3.3 or later obey
@code{completing-read-function} (which @code{ivy-mode} sets). Try refiling
headings with similar names to appreciate @code{ivy-mode}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{magit}
@indentedblock
Uses ivy by default if Ivy is installed.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{find-file-in-project}
@indentedblock
Uses ivy by default if Ivy is installed.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{projectile}
@indentedblock
Projectile requires this setting for ivy completion:

@lisp
(setq projectile-completion-system 'ivy)
@end lisp
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{helm-make}
@indentedblock
Helm-make requires this setting for ivy completion.

@lisp
(setq helm-make-completion-method 'ivy)
@end lisp
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading automatically integrated packages
@indentedblock
Ivy re-uses the following packages if they are installed:
@code{avy}, @code{amx} or @code{smex}, @code{flx}, and @code{wgrep}.
@end indentedblock

@node Commands
@chapter Commands

@menu
* File Name Completion::
* Buffer Name Completion::
* Counsel commands::
@end menu

@node File Name Completion
@section File Name Completion

Since file name completion is ubiquitous, Ivy provides extra
bindings that work here:


@subsubheading @kbd{C-j} (@code{ivy-alt-done})
@vindex ivy-alt-done
@kindex C-j
@indentedblock
On a directory, restarts completion from that directory.

On a file or @code{./}, exit completion with the selected candidate.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{DEL} (@code{ivy-backward-delete-char})
@vindex ivy-backward-delete-char
@kindex DEL
@indentedblock
Restart the completion in the parent directory if current input
is empty.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{//} (@code{self-insert-command})
@kindex //
@indentedblock
Switch to the root directory.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{~} (@code{self-insert-command})
@kindex ~
@indentedblock
Switch to the home directory.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{/} (@code{self-insert-command})
@kindex /
@indentedblock
If the current input matches an existing directory name exactly,
switch the completion to that directory.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{C-M-y} (@code{ivy-insert-current-full})
@vindex ivy-insert-current-full
@kindex C-M-y
@indentedblock
Insert the current full path, in case you want to edit a part of it.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{M-r} (@code{ivy-toggle-regexp-quote})
@vindex ivy-toggle-regexp-quote
@kindex M-r
@indentedblock
Toggle between input as regexp or not.

Switch to matching literally since file names include @code{.}, which
is for matching any char in regexp mode.
@end indentedblock
@defopt ivy-extra-directories
Decide if you want to see @code{../} and @code{./} during file name
completion.

Reason to remove: @code{../} is the same as @kbd{DEL}.

Reason not to remove: navigate anywhere with only @kbd{C-n}, @kbd{C-p}
and @kbd{C-j}.

Likewise, @code{./} can be removed.
@end defopt

@subsubheading History
@indentedblock
File history works the same with @kbd{M-p}, @kbd{M-n}, and @kbd{C-r}, but
uses a custom code for file name completion that cycles through
files previously opened. It also works with TRAMP files.
@end indentedblock

@menu
* Using TRAMP::
@end menu

@node Using TRAMP
@subsection Using TRAMP

@subsubheading @kbd{~} (tilde)
@kindex ~
@indentedblock
Move to the home directory. Either the local or the remote one, depending on the
current directory. The boolean option @code{ivy-magic-tilde} decides whether the binding to
do this is @kbd{~} or @kbd{~/}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{//} (double slash)
@kindex //
@indentedblock
Move to the root directory. Either the local or the remote one, depending on the
current directory. Here, you can also select a TRAMP connection method, such as @code{ssh}
or @code{scpx}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{/ C-j}
@kindex / C-j
@indentedblock
Move the the local root directory.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @kbd{~~}
@kindex ~~
@indentedblock
Move to the local home directory.
@end indentedblock


From any directory, with the empty input, inputting @code{/ssh:} and pressing
@kbd{C-j} (or @kbd{RET}, which is the same thing) completes for host and user
names.

For @code{/ssh:user@@} input, completes the domain name.

@kbd{C-i} works in a similar way to the default completion.

You can also get sudo access for the current directory by inputting
@code{/sudo::} @kbd{RET}. Using @code{/sudo:} (i.e. single colon instead of double) will
result in a completion session for the desired user.

Multi-hopping is possible, although a bit complex.

@subsubheading Example : connect to a remote host @code{cloud} and open a file with @code{sudo} there
@indentedblock
@itemize
@item
@kbd{C-x C-f} @code{/ssh:cloud|sudo:root:/}.
@end itemize
@end indentedblock

@node Buffer Name Completion
@section Buffer Name Completion

@defopt ivy-use-virtual-buffers
When non-nil, add @code{recentf-mode} and bookmarks to
@code{ivy-switch-buffer} completion candidates.

Adding this to Emacs init file:

@lisp
(setq ivy-use-virtual-buffers t)
@end lisp
will add additional virtual buffers to the buffers list for recent
files. Selecting such virtual buffers, which are highlighted with
@code{ivy-virtual} face, will open the corresponding file.
@end defopt

@node Counsel commands
@section Counsel commands

The main advantages of @code{counsel-} functions over their basic
equivalents in @code{ivy-mode} are:

@enumerate
@item
Multi-actions and non-exiting actions work.
@item
@code{ivy-resume} can resume the last completion session.
@item
Customize @code{ivy-set-actions}, @code{ivy-re-builders-alist}.
@item
Customize individual keymaps, such as @code{counsel-describe-map},
@code{counsel-git-grep-map}, or @code{counsel-find-file-map}, instead of
customizing @code{ivy-minibuffer-map} that applies to all completion
sessions.
@end enumerate

@node API
@chapter API

The main (and only) entry point is the @code{ivy-read} function. It takes
two required arguments and many optional arguments that can be passed
by a key. The optional @code{:action} argument is highly recommended for
features such as multi-actions, non-exiting actions, @code{ivy-occur} and
@code{ivy-resume}.

@menu
* Required arguments for @code{ivy-read}::
* Optional arguments for @code{ivy-read}::
* Example - @code{counsel-describe-function}::
* Example - @code{counsel-locate}::
* Example - @code{ivy-read-with-extra-properties}::
@end menu

@node Required arguments for @code{ivy-read}
@section Required arguments for @code{ivy-read}

@subsubheading @code{prompt}
@indentedblock
A prompt string normally ending in a colon and a space.
@code{ivy-count-format} is prepended to it during completion.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{collection}
@indentedblock
Either a list of strings, a function, an alist or a hash table.

If a function, then it has to be compatible with
@code{all-completions}.
@end indentedblock

@node Optional arguments for @code{ivy-read}
@section Optional arguments for @code{ivy-read}

@subsubheading @code{predicate}
@indentedblock
Is a function to filter the initial collection. It has to be
compatible with @code{all-completions}. Tip: most of the time, it's
simpler to just apply this filter to the @code{collection} argument
itself, e.g. @code{(cl-remove-if-not predicate collection)}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{require-match}
@indentedblock
When set to a non-nil value, input must match one of the
candidates. Custom input is not accepted.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{initial-input}
@indentedblock
This string argument is included for compatibility with
@code{completing-read}, which inserts it into the minibuffer.

It's recommended to use the @code{preselect} argument instead of this.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{history}
@indentedblock
Name of the symbol to store history. See @code{completing-read}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{preselect}
@indentedblock
Determines which one of the candidates to initially select.

When set to an integer value, select the candidate with that
index value.

When set to any other non-nil value, select the first candidate
matching this value.  Comparison is first done with @code{equal}.
If this fails, and when applicable, match @code{preselect} as a
regular expression.

Every time the input becomes empty, the item corresponding to
@code{preselect} is selected.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{keymap}
@indentedblock
A keymap to be composed with @code{ivy-minibuffer-map}. This keymap
has priority over @code{ivy-minibuffer-map} and can be modified at any
later stage.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{update-fn}
@indentedblock
Is the function called each time the current candidate changes.
This function takes no arguments and is called in the
minibuffer's @code{post-command-hook}. See @code{swiper} for an example
usage.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{sort}
@indentedblock
When non-nil, use @code{ivy-sort-functions-alist} to sort the
collection as long as the collection is not larger than
@code{ivy-sort-max-size}.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{action}
@indentedblock
Is the function to call after selection. It takes a string
argument.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{unwind}
@indentedblock
Is the function to call before exiting completion. It takes no
arguments. This function is called even if the completion is
interrupted with @kbd{C-g}. See @code{swiper} for an example usage.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{re-builder}
@indentedblock
Is a function that takes a string and returns a valid regex. See
@code{Completion Styles} for details.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{matcher}
@indentedblock
Is a function that takes a regex string and a list of strings and
returns a list of strings matching the regex. Any ordinary Emacs
matching function will suffice, yet finely tuned matching
functions can be used. See @code{counsel-find-file} for an example
usage.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{dynamic-collection}
@indentedblock
When non-nil, @code{collection} will be used to dynamically generate
the candidates each time the input changes, instead of being used
once statically with @code{all-completions} to generate a list of
strings. See @code{counsel-locate} for an example usage.
@end indentedblock
@subsubheading @code{caller}
@indentedblock
Is a symbol that uniquely identifies the function that called
@code{ivy-read}, which may be useful for further customizations.
@end indentedblock

@node Example - @code{counsel-describe-function}
@section Example - @code{counsel-describe-function}

This is a typical example of a function with a non-async collection,
which is a collection where all the strings in the collection are
known prior to any input from the user.

Only the first two arguments (along with @code{action}) are essential - the
rest of the arguments are for fine-tuning, and could be omitted.

The @code{action} argument could also be omitted - but then @code{ivy-read}
would do nothing except returning the string result, which you could
later use yourself. However, it's recommended that you use the
@code{action} argument.

@lisp
(defun counsel-describe-function ()
  "Forward to `describe-function'."
  (interactive)
  (ivy-read "Describe function: "
            (let (cands)
              (mapatoms
               (lambda (x)
                 (when (fboundp x)
                   (push (symbol-name x) cands))))
              cands)
            :keymap counsel-describe-map
            :preselect (ivy-thing-at-point)
            :history 'counsel-describe-symbol-history
            :require-match t
            :action (lambda (x)
                      (describe-function
                       (intern x)))
            :caller 'counsel-describe-function))
@end lisp

Here are the interesting features of the above function, in the order that they appear:

@itemize
@item
The @code{prompt} argument is a simple string ending in ": ".
@item
The @code{collection} argument evaluates to a (large) list of strings.
@item
The @code{keymap} argument is for a custom keymap to supplement @code{ivy-minibuffer-map}.
@item
The @code{preselect} is provided by @code{ivy-thing-at-point}, which
returns a symbol near the point. Ivy then selects the first
candidate from the collection that matches this symbol. To select
this pre-selected candidate, a @kbd{RET} will suffice. No further user
input is necessary.
@item
The @code{history} argument is for keeping the history of this command
separate from the common history in @code{ivy-history}.
@item
The @code{require-match} is set to @code{t} since it doesn't make sense to
call @code{describe-function} on an un-interned symbol.
@item
The @code{action} argument calls @code{describe-function} on the interned
selected candidate.
@item
The @code{caller} argument identifies this completion session. This is
important, since with the collection being a list of strings and not
a function name, the only other way for @code{ivy-read} to identify
"who's calling" and to apply the appropriate customizations is to
examine @code{this-command}. But @code{this-command} would be modified if
another command called @code{counsel-describe-function}.
@end itemize

@node Example - @code{counsel-locate}
@section Example - @code{counsel-locate}

This is a typical example of a function with an async collection.
Since the collection function cannot pre-compute all the locatable
files in memory within reasonable limits (time or memory), it relies
on user input to filter the universe of possible candidates to a
manageable size while also continuing to search asynchronously for
possible candidates. Both the filtering and searching continues with
each character change of the input with rapid updates to the
collection presented without idle waiting times. This live update will
continue as long as there are likely candidates. Eventually updates to
the minibuffer will stop after user input, filtering, and searching
have exhausted looking for possible candidates.

Async collections suit long-running shell commands, such as @code{locate}.
With each new input, a new process starts while the old process is
killed. The collection is refreshed anew with each new process.
Meanwhile the user can provide more input characters (for further
narrowing) or select a candidate from the visible collection.

@lisp
(defun counsel-locate-function (str)
  (or
   (ivy-more-chars)
   (progn
     (counsel--async-command
      (format "locate %s '%s'"
              (mapconcat #'identity counsel-locate-options " ")
              (counsel--elisp-to-pcre
               (ivy--regex str))))
     '("" "working..."))))

;;;###autoload
(defun counsel-locate (&optional initial-input)
  "Call the \"locate\" shell command.
INITIAL-INPUT can be given as the initial minibuffer input."
  (interactive)
  (ivy-read "Locate: " #'counsel-locate-function
            :initial-input initial-input
            :dynamic-collection t
            :history 'counsel-locate-history
            :action (lambda (file)
                      (with-ivy-window
                        (when file
                          (find-file file))))
            :unwind #'counsel-delete-process
            :caller 'counsel-locate))
@end lisp

Here are the interesting features of the above functions, in the order
that they appear:

@itemize
@item
@code{counsel-locate-function} takes a string argument and returns a list
of strings. Note that it's not compatible with @code{all-completions},
but since we're not using that here, might as well use one argument
instead of three.
@item
@code{ivy-more-chars} is a simple function that returns e.g.
@code{'("2 chars more")} asking the user for more input.
@item
@code{counsel--async-command} is a very easy API simplification that
takes a single string argument suitable for
@code{shell-command-to-string}. So you could prototype your function as
non-async using @code{shell-command-to-string} and @code{split-string} to
produce a collection, then decide that you want async and simply swap in
@code{counsel--async-command}.
@item
@code{counsel-locate} is an interactive function with an optional @code{initial-input}.
@item
@code{#'counsel-locate-function} is passed as the @code{collection} argument.
@item
@code{dynamic-collection} is set to t, since this is an async collection.
@item
@code{action} argument uses @code{with-ivy-window} wrapper, since we want to open the
selected file in the same window from which @code{counsel-locate} was
called.
@item
@code{unwind} argument is set to @code{#'counsel-delete-process}: when we press @kbd{C-g}
we want to kill the running process created by
@code{counsel--async-command}.
@item
@code{caller} argument identifies this command for easier customization.
@end itemize

@node Example - @code{ivy-read-with-extra-properties}
@section Example - @code{ivy-read-with-extra-properties}

This is another example to show how to associate additional values to each
displayed strings.

@lisp
(defun find-candidates-function (str pred _)
  (let ((props '(1 2))
        (strs '("foo" "foo2")))
    (cl-mapcar (lambda (s p) (propertize s 'property p))
               strs
               props)))

(defun find-candidates ()
  (interactive)
  (ivy-read "Find symbols: "
            #'find-candidates-function
            :action (lambda (x)
                      (message "Value: %s"
                               (get-text-property 0 'property x)))))
@end lisp

Here are the interesting features of the above function:

@itemize
@item
@code{find-candidates-function} builds up a list of strings and associates "foo" with
the value 1 and "foo2" with 2.
@item
@code{find-candidates} is an interactive function.
@item
@code{#'find-candidates} is passed as the @code{collection} argument.
@item
@code{action} gets passed the selected string with the associated value. It
then retrieves that value and displays it.
@end itemize

@node Variable Index
@chapter Variable Index

@printindex vr

@node Keystroke Index
@chapter Keystroke Index

@printindex ky

@bye
