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#### append

Appends one or more points to a linestring, ring, polygon, multi-geometry.

###### Synopsis

    template<typename Geometry, typename RangeOrPoint>
    void append(Geometry & geometry, RangeOrPoint const & range_or_point, signed_size_type ring_index = -1,
                signed_size_type multi_index = 0)

###### Parameters

Type | Concept | Name | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
Geometry & | Any type fulfilling a Geometry Concept | geometry | A model of the specified concept
RangeOrPoint const & | Either a range or a point, fullfilling Boost.Range concept or Boost.Geometry Point Concept | range_or_point | The point or range to add
signed_size_type |  | ring_index | The index of the ring in case of a polygon: exterior ring (-1, the default) or interior ring index
signed_size_type |  | multi_index | The index of the geometry to which the points are appended

###### Header

Either

`#include <boost/geometry.hpp>`

Or

`#include <boost/geometry/algorithms/append.hpp>`

###### Conformance

The function append is not defined by OGC.

###### Supported geometries

| Point | Range
--- | --- | ---
Point |  |
Segment |  |
Box |  |
Linestring |  |
Ring |  |
Polygon |  |
MultiPoint |  |
MultiLinestring |  |
MultiPolygon |  |

###### Behavior

Case | Behavior
--- | ---
Point, Box, Segment | Compiles, but no action
Linestring | Appends point or range to the end of the linestring
Ring | Appends point or range to the end of the ring (without explicitly closing it)
Polygon | Appends point or range to the end of the polygon (without explicitly closing it), either the exterior ring (the default) or specify a zero-based index for one of the interior rings. In the last case, the interior rings are not resized automatically, so ensure that the zero-based index is smaller than the number of interior rings
Multi Linestring | Appends point or range to the end of the linestring with the given multi index. The multi-linestring is not resized automatically, so ensure that the multi index is smaller than then number of linestring in the multi-linestring.
Multi Polygon | Appends point or range to the end of the polygon (without explicitly closing it) with the given multi-index. The point or range is appended at the end of the exterior ring (the default) or specify a zero-based ring index for the interior rings. The multi-polygon is not resized automatically, so ensure that the multi index is smaller than then number of polygon in the multi-polygon. The same applies for the interior rings of the polygon: the interior rings are not resized automatically, so ensure that the zero-based ring index is smaller than the number of interior rings of the polygon.

###### Complexity

Linear

###### Example

Shows usage of Boost.Geometry's append to append a point or a range to a polygon

    #include <iostream>

    #include <boost/geometry.hpp>
    #include <boost/geometry/geometries/polygon.hpp>
    #include <boost/geometry/geometries/adapted/boost_tuple.hpp>

    #include <boost/assign.hpp>

    BOOST_GEOMETRY_REGISTER_BOOST_TUPLE_CS(cs::cartesian)

    int main()
    {
        using boost::assign::tuple_list_of;
        using boost::make_tuple;
        using boost::geometry::append;

        typedef boost::geometry::model::polygon<boost::tuple<int, int> > polygon;

        polygon poly;

        // Append a range
        append(poly, tuple_list_of(0, 0)(0, 10)(11, 11)(10, 0));
        // Append a point (in this case the closing point)
        append(poly, make_tuple(0, 0));

        // Create an interior ring (append does not do this automatically)
        boost::geometry::interior_rings(poly).resize(1);

        // Append a range to the interior ring
        append(poly, tuple_list_of(2, 2)(2, 5)(6, 6)(5, 2), 0);
        // Append a point to the first interior ring
        append(poly, make_tuple(2, 2), 0);

        std::cout << boost::geometry::dsv(poly) << std::endl;

        return 0;
    }

| At the end to avoid conflicts with Boost.QVM
| tuple_list_of delivers a range and can therefore be used in boost::geometry::append
| The last parameter ring_index 0 denotes the first interior ring

Output:

    (((0, 0), (0, 10), (11, 11), (10, 0), (0, 0)), ((2, 2), (2, 5), (6, 6), (5, 2), (2, 2)))

###### See also

- assign