/*========================== begin_copyright_notice ============================

Copyright (C) 2017-2021 Intel Corporation

SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

============================= end_copyright_notice ===========================*/

// vim:ts=2:sw=2:et:
#include "common/LLVMUtils.h"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/GenIRLowering.h"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/OpenCLKernelCodeGen.hpp"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/ShaderCodeGen.hpp"
#include "Compiler/CodeGenContextWrapper.hpp"
#include "Compiler/MetaDataUtilsWrapper.h"
#include "Compiler/IGCPassSupport.h"
#include "common/LLVMWarningsPush.hpp"
#include <llvm/Pass.h>
#include <llvm/IR/DataLayout.h>
#include <llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h>
#include <llvm/Support/MathExtras.h>
#include <llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h>
#include <llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolution.h>
#if LLVM_VERSION_MAJOR < 11
#include <llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolutionExpander.h>
#endif
#include <llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolutionExpressions.h>
#include <llvm/Analysis/TargetFolder.h>
#include <llvm/IR/GetElementPtrTypeIterator.h>
#if LLVM_VERSION_MAJOR >= 11
#include <llvm/Transforms/Utils/ScalarEvolutionExpander.h>
#endif
#include <llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h>
#include "llvmWrapper/IR/Intrinsics.h"
#include "llvmWrapper/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "common/LLVMWarningsPop.hpp"
#include "GenISAIntrinsics/GenIntrinsics.h"
#include "common/IGCIRBuilder.h"
#include "Probe/Assertion.h"

using namespace llvm;
using namespace IGC;
using namespace IGC::IGCMD;
using IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType;

namespace {
    class GenIRLowering : public FunctionPass {
        using BuilderTy = IGCIRBuilder<TargetFolder>;
        BuilderTy* Builder = nullptr;
    public:
        static char ID;

        GenIRLowering() : FunctionPass(ID) {
            initializeGenIRLoweringPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
        }

        StringRef getPassName() const override { return "GenIR Lowering"; }

        bool runOnFunction(Function& F) override;

        void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage& AU) const override {
            AU.setPreservesCFG();
            AU.addRequired<CodeGenContextWrapper>();
            AU.addRequired<MetaDataUtilsWrapper>();
            AU.addRequired<LoopInfoWrapperPass>();
        }

    private:
        // Helpers
        Value* rearrangeAdd(Value*, Loop*) const;

        bool combineFMaxFMin(CallInst* GII, BasicBlock::iterator& BBI) const;
        bool combineSelectInst(SelectInst* Sel, BasicBlock::iterator& BBI) const;

        bool constantFoldFMaxFMin(CallInst* GII,
            BasicBlock::iterator& BBI) const;
    };

    char GenIRLowering::ID = 0;

    // Pattern match helpers.

    template <typename LHS_t, typename RHS_t, typename Pred_t>
    struct FMaxMinCast_match {
        unsigned& CastOpcode;
        LHS_t L;
        RHS_t R;

        FMaxMinCast_match(unsigned& Opcode, const LHS_t& LHS, const RHS_t& RHS)
            : CastOpcode(Opcode), L(LHS), R(RHS) {}

        bool isEqualOrCasted(Value* V, Value* Orig, unsigned Opcode) const {
            if (V == Orig)
                return true;
            // Check V is casted from Orig.
            CastInst* Cast = dyn_cast<CastInst>(V);
            if (Cast && Cast->getOpcode() == Opcode && Cast->getOperand(0) == Orig)
                return true;
            if (Constant * C = dyn_cast<Constant>(Orig)) {
                if (!CastInst::castIsValid(Instruction::CastOps(Opcode), C, V->getType()))
                    return false;
                // TODO: Need to check isExact for FPToSI/FPToUI.
                Constant* Casted = ConstantExpr::getCast(Opcode, C, V->getType());
                if (V == Casted)
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        template <typename OpTy> bool match(OpTy* V) {
            SelectInst* SI = dyn_cast<SelectInst>(V);
            if (!SI)
                return false;
            FCmpInst* Cmp = dyn_cast<FCmpInst>(SI->getCondition());
            if (!Cmp)
                return false;
            Value* TVal = SI->getTrueValue();
            Value* FVal = SI->getFalseValue();

            // Check cast op if any. If both operands use cast op, they should match.
            unsigned Opcode = Instruction::UserOp1;
            if (CastInst * Cast = dyn_cast<CastInst>(TVal))
                Opcode = Cast->getOpcode();
            if (CastInst * Cast = dyn_cast<CastInst>(FVal)) {
                unsigned Op = Cast->getOpcode();
                if (Opcode != Instruction::UserOp1 && Opcode != Op)
                    return false;
                Opcode = Op;
            }

            Value* LHS = Cmp->getOperand(0);
            Value* RHS = Cmp->getOperand(1);
            if ((!isEqualOrCasted(TVal, LHS, Opcode) ||
                !isEqualOrCasted(FVal, RHS, Opcode)) &&
                (!isEqualOrCasted(TVal, RHS, Opcode) ||
                    !isEqualOrCasted(FVal, LHS, Opcode)))
                return false;

            FCmpInst::Predicate Pred = Cmp->getPredicate();
            if (!isEqualOrCasted(TVal, LHS, Opcode)) {
                Pred = Cmp->getSwappedPredicate();
                std::swap(TVal, FVal);
            }
            if (!Pred_t::match(Pred))
                return false;

            if (L.match(LHS) && R.match(RHS)) {
                CastOpcode = Opcode;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    };

    template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
    inline FMaxMinCast_match<LHS, RHS, llvm::PatternMatch::ofmax_pred_ty>
        m_OrdFMaxCast(unsigned& Opcode, const LHS& L, const RHS& R) {
        return FMaxMinCast_match<LHS, RHS, llvm::PatternMatch::ofmax_pred_ty>(Opcode,
            L, R);
    }

    template <typename LHS, typename RHS>
    inline FMaxMinCast_match<LHS, RHS, llvm::PatternMatch::ofmin_pred_ty>
        m_OrdFMinCast(unsigned& Opcode, const LHS& L, const RHS& R) {
        return FMaxMinCast_match<LHS, RHS, llvm::PatternMatch::ofmin_pred_ty>(Opcode,
            L, R);
    }

    template <typename Op_t, typename ConstTy> struct ClampWithConstants_match {
        typedef ConstTy* ConstPtrTy;

        Op_t Op;
        ConstPtrTy& CMin, & CMax;

        ClampWithConstants_match(const Op_t& OpMatch, ConstPtrTy& Min,
            ConstPtrTy& Max)
            : Op(OpMatch), CMin(Min), CMax(Max) {}

        template <typename OpTy> bool match(OpTy* V) {
            CallInst* GII = dyn_cast<CallInst>(V);
            if (!GII)
                return false;

            EOPCODE GIID = GetOpCode(GII);
            if (GIID != llvm_max && GIID != llvm_min)
                return false;

            Value* X = GII->getOperand(0);
            Value* C = GII->getOperand(1);
            if (isa<ConstTy>(X))
                std::swap(X, C);

            ConstPtrTy C0 = dyn_cast<ConstTy>(C);
            if (!C0)
                return false;

            CallInst* GII2 = dyn_cast<CallInst>(X);
            if (!GII2)
                return false;

            EOPCODE GIID2 = GetOpCode(GII2);
            if (!(GIID == llvm_min && GIID2 == llvm_max) &&
                !(GIID == llvm_max && GIID2 == llvm_min))
                return false;

            X = GII2->getOperand(0);
            C = GII2->getOperand(1);
            if (isa<ConstTy>(X))
                std::swap(X, C);

            ConstPtrTy C1 = dyn_cast<ConstTy>(C);
            if (!C1)
                return false;

            if (!Op.match(X))
                return false;

            CMin = (GIID2 == llvm_min) ? C0 : C1;
            CMax = (GIID2 == llvm_min) ? C1 : C0;
            return true;
        }
    };

    template <typename OpTy, typename ConstTy>
    inline ClampWithConstants_match<OpTy, ConstTy>
        m_ClampWithConstants(const OpTy& Op, ConstTy*& Min, ConstTy*& Max) {
        return ClampWithConstants_match<OpTy, ConstTy>(Op, Min, Max);
    }

    // This pass lowers GEP into primitive ones (i.e. addition and/or
    // multiplication, converted to shift if applicable) to expose address
    // calculation to LLVM optimizations, such as CSE, LICM, and etc.
    //
    class GEPLowering : public FunctionPass {
        const DataLayout* DL = nullptr;
        CodeGenContext* m_ctx = nullptr;
        using BuilderTy = IGCIRBuilder<TargetFolder>;
        BuilderTy* Builder = nullptr;
        llvm::LoopInfo* m_LI = nullptr;
        ModuleMetaData* modMD = nullptr;
        ScalarEvolution* SE = nullptr;
    public:
        static char ID;

        GEPLowering() : FunctionPass(ID) {
            initializeGEPLoweringPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
        }

        StringRef getPassName() const override { return "GEP Lowering"; }

        bool runOnFunction(Function& F) override;

        void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage& AU) const override {
            AU.setPreservesCFG();
            AU.addRequired<CodeGenContextWrapper>();
            AU.addRequired<MetaDataUtilsWrapper>();
            AU.addRequired<LoopInfoWrapperPass>();
            AU.addRequired<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass>();
        }

    protected:
        // Helpers
        Value* getSExtOrTrunc(Value*, Type*) const;
        Value* truncExpr(Value*, Type*) const;

        bool simplifyGEP(BasicBlock &BB) const;
        bool lowerGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst* GEP) const;
    };

    char GEPLowering::ID = 0;

} // End anonymous namespace

bool GenIRLowering::runOnFunction(Function& F) {
    // Skip non-kernel function.
    MetaDataUtils* MDU = nullptr;
    MDU = getAnalysis<MetaDataUtilsWrapper>().getMetaDataUtils();
    ModuleMetaData* modMD = getAnalysis<MetaDataUtilsWrapper>().getModuleMetaData();
    auto FII = MDU->findFunctionsInfoItem(&F);
    if (FII == MDU->end_FunctionsInfo())
        return false;

    auto &DL = F.getParent()->getDataLayout();

    BuilderTy TheBuilder(F.getContext(), TargetFolder(DL));
    Builder = &TheBuilder;

    bool Changed = false;

    // Replace SLM PtrToInt by the assigned immed offset
    // Later optimization (InstCombine) can fold away some address computation

    FunctionMetaData* funcMD = &modMD->FuncMD[&F];

    for (auto localOffetsItr = funcMD->localOffsets.begin(), localOffsetsEnd = funcMD->localOffsets.end();
        localOffetsItr != localOffsetsEnd;
        ++localOffetsItr)
    {
        LocalOffsetMD localOffset = *localOffetsItr;

        // look up the value-to-offset mapping
        Value* V = localOffset.m_Var;
        unsigned Offset = localOffset.m_Offset;

        // Skip non-pointer values.
        if (!V->getType()->isPointerTy())
            continue;
        // Skip non-local pointers.
        unsigned AS = V->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace();
        if (AS != ADDRESS_SPACE_LOCAL)
            continue;

        // It is possible that a global (slm) is used in more than one kernels
        // and each kernel might have a different offset for this global. Thus,
        // we can only replace the uses within this kernel function. We will check
        // instructions only as the constant expressions have been broken up
        // before this pass.
        PointerType* PTy = cast<PointerType>(V->getType());
        Constant* CO = ConstantInt::get(Type::getInt32Ty(F.getContext()), Offset);
        Constant* NewBase = ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr(CO, PTy);
        auto NI = V->user_begin();
        for (auto I = NI, E = V->user_end(); I != E; I = NI)
        {
            ++NI;
            Instruction* Inst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(*I);
            if (!Inst || Inst->getParent()->getParent() != &F) {
                continue;
            }

            // As constant exprs have been broken up, need to check insts only.
            if (GetElementPtrInst * GEPI = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Inst))
            {
                // sanity check
                if (GEPI->getOperand(0) == V) {
                    // operand 0 is pointer operand
                    GEPI->setOperand(0, NewBase);
                    Changed = true;
                }
            }
            else if (PtrToIntInst * PI = dyn_cast<PtrToIntInst>(Inst))
            {
                Value* CI = ConstantInt::get(PI->getType(), Offset);
                PI->replaceAllUsesWith(CI);
                PI->eraseFromParent();
                Changed = true;
            }
            else if (BitCastInst * BCI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(Inst))
            {
                BCI->setOperand(0, NewBase);
                Changed = true;
            }
            else if (LoadInst * LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst))
            {
                LI->setOperand(0, NewBase);
                Changed = true;
            }
            else if (StoreInst * SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst))
            {
                if (SI->getPointerOperand() == V)
                {
                    // pointer operand is operand 1!
                    SI->setOperand(1, NewBase);
                    Changed = true;
                }
            }
            else if (CallInst* CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(Inst))
            {
                CI->replaceUsesOfWith(V, NewBase);
                Changed = true;
            }
        }
    }

    for (auto& BB : F) {
        for (auto BI = BB.begin(), BE = BB.end(); BI != BE;) {
            Instruction* Inst = &(*BI++);
            Builder->SetInsertPoint(Inst);

            switch (Inst->getOpcode()) {
            default: // By default, DO NOTHING
                break;
            case Instruction::Call:
                if (CallInst * GII = dyn_cast<CallInst>(Inst)) {
                    switch (GetOpCode(GII)) {
                    case llvm_max:
                    case llvm_min:
                        Changed |= combineFMaxFMin(GII, BI);
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                    }
                }
                break;
            case Instruction::Select:
                // Enable the pattern match only when NaNs can be ignored.
                if (modMD->compOpt.NoNaNs ||
                    modMD->compOpt.FiniteMathOnly)
                {
                    Changed |= combineSelectInst(cast<SelectInst>(Inst), BI);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    Builder = nullptr;

    return Changed;
}

// For each basic block, simplify GEPs based on the analysis result from SCEV.
bool GEPLowering::simplifyGEP(BasicBlock &BB) const {
    // Pointers with the form base + zext(idx).
    struct PointerExpr {
        GetElementPtrInst *GEP;
        const SCEV *Idx;
        GetElementPtrInst *Base = nullptr; // A simplified offset if any.
        const SCEV *Offset = nullptr; // A simplified offset if any.
    };
    // Each visited base pointer have a collection of base expr.
    DenseMap<Value *, SmallVector<PointerExpr, 128>> Pointers;

    auto IsUsedByBindless = [](const GetElementPtrInst *GEP) {
        for (auto *U : GEP->users())
            if (auto *P2I = dyn_cast<PtrToIntInst>(U))
                if (P2I->getType()->isIntegerTy(32))
                    return true;
        return false;
    };

    bool Changed = false;
    for (auto BI = BB.begin(), BE = BB.end(); BI != BE; ++BI) {
        auto *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(BI);
        // So far, for simplicity, consider GEPs on the generic/global address
        // with a single index only. It should be straight-forward to extend
        // the support to other cases, where multiple indices are present.
        if (!GEP || !GEP->isInBounds() || GEP->getNumIndices() != 1 ||
            (GEP->getAddressSpace() != ADDRESS_SPACE_GLOBAL &&
             GEP->getAddressSpace() != ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC))
            continue;
        if (IsUsedByBindless(GEP))
            continue;
        auto *Idx = GEP->getOperand(1);
        if (auto *ZExt = dyn_cast<ZExtInst>(Idx)) {
            Idx = ZExt->getOperand(0);
        } else if (auto *SExt = dyn_cast<SExtInst>(Idx)) {
            Idx = SExt->getOperand(0);
            Operator* Opr = dyn_cast<Operator>(Idx);
            if (Opr && Opr->getOpcode() == BinaryOperator::BinaryOps::SDiv) {
                // Skip if it is SDiv. This special check is needed as
                // OverflowingBinaryOperator does not include SDiv
                continue;
            }
            auto* Op = dyn_cast<OverflowingBinaryOperator>(Idx);
            if (Op && !Op->hasNoSignedWrap())
                continue;
        }

        const SCEV *E = SE->getSCEV(Idx);
        // Skip if the offset to the base is already a constant.
        if (isa<SCEVConstant>(E))
            continue;
        Value *Base = GEP->getPointerOperand();
        auto &Exprs = Pointers[Base];

        auto EI = Exprs.begin();
        auto EE = Exprs.end();
        const SCEV *Offset = nullptr;

        // Let GEP_a be one gep from Pointers[Base];
        // GEP (it is 'GEP' var in this loop iteration) reuses GEP_a's address
        // as its base
        //   1. if GEP_a is the first in Pointer[Base] such that diff of GEP_a
        //      and GEP is constant; otherwise
        //   2. if GEP_a is the first in Pointers[Base] such that diff of GEP_a
        //      and GEP is 1 (a single value), otherwise
        //   3. if GEP_a has the smallest diff or if more than one GEPs with the
        //      same diff, GEP_a is the last one in Pointers[Base].
        // Both 1 and 2 may potentially save a few instructions. 3 is a
        // heuristic and may be further tuned.
        constexpr unsigned DIFF_SIZE_THRESHOLD = 3;
        unsigned MinDiff = DIFF_SIZE_THRESHOLD;
        bool isDiffOne = false;
        GetElementPtrInst *BaseWithMinDiff = nullptr;
        for (/*EMPTY*/; EI != EE; ++EI) {
            // Skip if the result types do not match.
            if (EI->GEP->getType() != GEP->getType() ||
                E->getType() != EI->Idx->getType())
                continue;

            auto *Diff = SE->getMinusSCEV(E, EI->Idx);
            unsigned exprSize = Diff->getExpressionSize();
            if (exprSize <= MinDiff) {
                if (isa<SCEVConstant>(Diff)) {
                    BaseWithMinDiff = EI->GEP;
                    Offset = Diff;
                    MinDiff = exprSize;
                    break;
                }
                if (!isDiffOne) {
                    BaseWithMinDiff = EI->GEP;
                    Offset = Diff;
                    MinDiff = exprSize;
                    isDiffOne = (MinDiff == 1);
                }
            }
        }
        // Not found, add this GEP as a potential base expr.
        if (!Offset) {
            Exprs.emplace_back(PointerExpr{GEP, E, nullptr, nullptr});
            continue;
        }
        Exprs.emplace_back(PointerExpr{GEP, E, BaseWithMinDiff, Offset});
    }
    std::vector<Instruction *> DeadInsts;
    for (const auto& B : Pointers) {
        for (auto PI = B.second.rbegin(),
                  PE = B.second.rend(); PI != PE; ++PI) {
            auto &P = *PI;
            if (P.Offset) {
                SCEVExpander E(*SE, *DL, "gep-simplification");
                Value *V = E.expandCodeFor(P.Offset, P.Idx->getType(), P.GEP);
                Builder->SetInsertPoint(P.GEP);
                auto *NewGEP = Builder->CreateInBoundsGEP(
                    P.Base->getResultElementType(), P.Base,
                    Builder->CreateSExt(V, P.GEP->getOperand(1)->getType()));
                P.GEP->replaceAllUsesWith(NewGEP);
                DeadInsts.push_back(P.GEP);
                Changed = true;
            }
        }
    }
    for (auto *I : DeadInsts)
        RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(I);
    return Changed;
}

bool GEPLowering::runOnFunction(Function& F) {
    // Skip non-kernel function.
    modMD = getAnalysis<MetaDataUtilsWrapper>().getModuleMetaData();
    m_LI = &getAnalysis<LoopInfoWrapperPass>().getLoopInfo();
    MetaDataUtils* MDU = getAnalysis<MetaDataUtilsWrapper>().getMetaDataUtils();
    auto FII = MDU->findFunctionsInfoItem(&F);
    if (FII == MDU->end_FunctionsInfo())
        return false;

    CodeGenContextWrapper* pCtxWrapper = &getAnalysis<CodeGenContextWrapper>();
    m_ctx = pCtxWrapper->getCodeGenContext();

    DL = &F.getParent()->getDataLayout();
    SE = &getAnalysis<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass>().getSE();

    BuilderTy TheBuilder(F.getContext(), TargetFolder(*DL));
    Builder = &TheBuilder;

    bool Changed = false;

    if (IGC_IS_FLAG_ENABLED(EnableGEPSimplification))
    {
        for (auto &BB : F)
            Changed |= simplifyGEP(BB);

        if (IGC_IS_FLAG_ENABLED(TestGEPSimplification))
            return Changed;
    }

    for (auto& BB : F) {
        for (auto BI = BB.begin(), BE = BB.end(); BI != BE;) {
            Instruction* Inst = &(*BI++);
            Builder->SetInsertPoint(Inst);

            switch (Inst->getOpcode()) {
            default: // By default, DO NOTHING
                break;
            // Lower GEPs to inttoptr/ptrtoint with offsets.
            case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
                Changed |=
                    lowerGetElementPtrInst(cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Inst));
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return Changed;
}


Value* GEPLowering::getSExtOrTrunc(Value* Val, Type* NewTy) const {
    Type* OldTy = Val->getType();
    unsigned OldWidth;
    unsigned NewWidth;

    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(OldTy->isIntOrIntVectorTy(), "Index should be Integer or vector of Integer!");

    if (auto OldVecTy = dyn_cast<IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType>(OldTy)) {
        OldWidth = (unsigned)OldVecTy->getNumElements() * OldVecTy->getElementType()->getIntegerBitWidth();
        NewWidth = (unsigned)OldVecTy->getNumElements() * NewTy->getIntegerBitWidth();
    }
    else {
        OldWidth = OldTy->getIntegerBitWidth();
        NewWidth = NewTy->getIntegerBitWidth();
    }

    if (OldWidth < NewWidth) { // SExt
        return Builder->CreateSExt(Val, NewTy);
    }

    if (OldWidth > NewWidth) { // Trunc
        return truncExpr(Val, NewTy);
    }

    return Val;
}

Value* GEPLowering::truncExpr(Value* Val, Type* NewTy) const {
    // Truncation on Gen could be as cheap as NOP by creating the proper region.
    // Instead of truncating the value itself, try to truncate how it's
    // calculated.
    if (Constant * C = dyn_cast<Constant>(Val))
        return Builder->CreateIntCast(C, NewTy, false);

    if (!isa<Instruction>(Val))
        return Builder->CreateTrunc(Val, NewTy);

    Instruction* I = cast<Instruction>(Val);
    unsigned Opc = I->getOpcode();
    switch (Opc) {
    case Instruction::Add:
    case Instruction::Sub:
    case Instruction::Mul:
    case Instruction::And:
    case Instruction::Or:
    case Instruction::Xor: {
        BinaryOperator* BO = cast<BinaryOperator>(I);
        Value* LHS = truncExpr(BO->getOperand(0), NewTy);
        Value* RHS = truncExpr(BO->getOperand(1), NewTy);
        return Builder->CreateBinOp(BO->getOpcode(), LHS, RHS);
    }
    case Instruction::Trunc:
    case Instruction::ZExt:
    case Instruction::SExt: {
        Value* Opnd = I->getOperand(0);
        if (Opnd->getType() == NewTy)
            return Opnd;
        return Builder->CreateIntCast(Opnd, NewTy, Opc == Instruction::SExt);
    }
    case Instruction::Select: {
        Value* TVal = truncExpr(I->getOperand(1), NewTy);
        Value* FVal = truncExpr(I->getOperand(2), NewTy);
        return Builder->CreateSelect(I->getOperand(0), TVal, FVal);
    }
#if 0
                              // TODO: Rewrite truncExpr into iterative one instead of recursive one to
                              // easily found the loop due to phi-node.
    case Instruction::PHI: {
        PHINode* PN = cast<PHINode>(I);
        PHINode* Res = PHINode::Create(NewTy, PN->getNumIncomingValues());
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i) {
            Value* V = truncExpr(PN->getIncomingValue(i), NewTy);
            Res->addIncoming(V, PN->getIncomingBlock(i));
        }
        return Res;
    }
#endif
    default:
        // Don't know truncate its calculation safely, fall back to the regular
        // way.
        break;
    }

    return Builder->CreateTrunc(Val, NewTy);
}

//
// reassociate chain of address adds so that the loop invariant terms appear on RHS tree
//
Value* GenIRLowering::rearrangeAdd(Value* val, Loop* loop) const
{
    BinaryOperator* binOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(val);
    if (!binOp || binOp->getOpcode() != Instruction::Add)
    {
        return val;
    }

    Value* LHS = binOp->getOperand(0);
    Value* RHS = binOp->getOperand(1);

    if (loop->isLoopInvariant(LHS))
    {
        Value* newRHS = rearrangeAdd(binOp->getOperand(1), loop);
        if (!loop->isLoopInvariant(newRHS))
        {
            BinaryOperator* RHSBinOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(newRHS);
            if (RHSBinOp && RHSBinOp->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add)
            {
                // LI + (a + b) --> a + (b + LI)
                Value* LHSofNewRHS = RHSBinOp->getOperand(0);
                Value* RHSofNewRHS = RHSBinOp->getOperand(1);
                return Builder->CreateAdd(LHSofNewRHS, Builder->CreateAdd(RHSofNewRHS, LHS));
            }
        }

        // LI + a --> a + LI
        return Builder->CreateAdd(newRHS, LHS);
    }
    else
    {
        Value* newLHS = rearrangeAdd(LHS, loop);
        BinaryOperator* LHSBinOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(newLHS);
        if (LHSBinOp && LHSBinOp->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add)
        {
            Value* LHSofLHS = LHSBinOp->getOperand(0);
            Value* RHSofLHS = LHSBinOp->getOperand(1);
            if (loop->isLoopInvariant(RHSofLHS))
            {
                // (a + LI) + b --> a + (b + LI)
                return Builder->CreateAdd(LHSofLHS, rearrangeAdd(Builder->CreateAdd(RHS, RHSofLHS), loop));
            }
        }

        return Builder->CreateAdd(newLHS, rearrangeAdd(RHS, loop));
    }
}

bool GEPLowering::lowerGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst* GEP) const
{
    Value* const PtrOp = GEP->getPointerOperand();
    IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != PtrOp);
    PointerType* const PtrTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(PtrOp->getType());
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(nullptr != PtrTy, "Only accept scalar pointer!");

    unsigned pointerSizeInBits = m_ctx->getRegisterPointerSizeInBits(PtrTy->getAddressSpace());
    unsigned pointerMathSizeInBits = pointerSizeInBits;
    bool reducePointerArith = false;
    bool canReduceNegativeOffset = false;

    // Detect if we can do intermediate pointer arithmetic in 32bits
    if (pointerMathSizeInBits == 64 && GEP->isInBounds()) {
        if (!modMD->compOpt.GreaterThan4GBBufferRequired) {
            bool gepProducesPositivePointer = true;

            // prove that the offset from the base pointer will be positive.  if we cannot
            // prove that all parameters to GEP increase the address of the final calculation
            // we can't fall back to 32bit math
            for (auto U = GEP->idx_begin(), E = GEP->idx_end(); U != E; ++U) {
                Value* Idx = U->get();

                if (Idx != GEP->getPointerOperand()) {
                    gepProducesPositivePointer &= valueIsPositive(Idx, DL);
                }
            }

            if (gepProducesPositivePointer) {
                pointerMathSizeInBits = 32;
                reducePointerArith = true;
            }
        }
        else if (GEP->getAddressSpace() == ADDRESS_SPACE_CONSTANT || !modMD->compOpt.GreaterThan2GBBufferRequired)
        {
            canReduceNegativeOffset = true;
            pointerMathSizeInBits = m_ctx->platform.hasLargeMaxConstantBufferSize() ? 64 : 32;
            reducePointerArith = true;
        }
    }

    IntegerType* IntPtrTy = IntegerType::get(Builder->getContext(), pointerSizeInBits);
    IntegerType* PtrMathTy =
        IntegerType::get(Builder->getContext(), pointerMathSizeInBits);

    Value* BasePointer = nullptr;
    // Check if the pointer itself is created from IntToPtr.  If it is, and if
    // the int is the same size, we can use the int directly.  Otherwise, we
    // need to add PtrToInt.
    if (IntToPtrInst * I2PI = dyn_cast<IntToPtrInst>(PtrOp)) {
        Value* IntOp = I2PI->getOperand(0);
        if (IntOp->getType() == IntPtrTy) {
            BasePointer = IntOp;
        }
    }
    if (!BasePointer) {
        BasePointer = Builder->CreatePtrToInt(PtrOp, IntPtrTy);
    }
    // This is the value of the pointer, which will ultimately replace
    // getelementptr.
    Value* PointerValue = nullptr;
    if (reducePointerArith)
    {
        // in case the pointer arithmetic is done in lower type postpone adding the base to the end
        PointerValue = ConstantInt::get(PtrMathTy, 0);
    }
    else
    {
        PointerValue = BasePointer;
    }

    gep_type_iterator GTI = gep_type_begin(GEP);
    for (auto OI = GEP->op_begin() + 1, E = GEP->op_end(); OI != E; ++OI, ++GTI) {
        Value* Idx = *OI;
        if (StructType * StTy = GTI.getStructTypeOrNull()) {
            unsigned Field = int_cast<unsigned>(cast<ConstantInt>(Idx)->getZExtValue());
            if (Field) {
                uint64_t Offset = DL->getStructLayout(StTy)->getElementOffset(Field);
                Value* OffsetValue =
                    Builder->getInt(APInt(pointerMathSizeInBits, Offset));
                PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, OffsetValue);
            }
        }
        else {
            Type* Ty = GTI.getIndexedType();

            if (const ConstantInt * CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Idx)) {
                if (!CI->isZero()) {
                    uint64_t Offset = DL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty) * CI->getSExtValue();
                    Value* OffsetValue =
                        Builder->getInt(APInt(pointerMathSizeInBits, Offset));
                    PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, OffsetValue);
                }
            }
            else {
                Value* NewIdx = getSExtOrTrunc(Idx, PtrMathTy);
                APInt ElementSize =
                    APInt(pointerMathSizeInBits, DL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty));

                ConstantInt* COffset = nullptr;
                if (IGC_IS_FLAG_ENABLED(EnableSimplifyGEP) && NewIdx->hasOneUse())
                {
                    // When EnableSimplifyGEP is on, GEP's index can be of V + C
                    // where C is constant. If so, we will continue push C up to
                    // the top so CSE could do better job.

                    //
                    // Replace
                    //   %nswAdd = add nsw i32 %49, 195
                    //   %NewIdx = sext i32 %nswAdd to i64
                    //   %PointerValue = %NewIdx * 4 + %Base
                    // with
                    //   %NewIdx = sext i32 %49
                    //   %PointerValue = (%NewIdx * 4 + %Base) + (4 * 195)
                    // for later CSE.
                    //

                    bool performSExt = false;
                    if (SExtInst * I = dyn_cast<SExtInst>(NewIdx)) {
                        if (OverflowingBinaryOperator * nswAdd = dyn_cast<OverflowingBinaryOperator>(I->getOperand(0)))
                        {
                            if ((nswAdd->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add)
                                && nswAdd->hasNoSignedWrap()
                                && isa<ConstantInt>(nswAdd->getOperand(1)))
                            {
                                performSExt = true;
                                NewIdx = nswAdd;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (Instruction * Inst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewIdx))
                    {
                        if (Inst->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add)
                        {
                            COffset = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Inst->getOperand(1));
                            if (COffset)
                            {
                                NewIdx = Inst->getOperand(0);
                                int64_t cval = COffset->getSExtValue() * ElementSize.getZExtValue();
                                COffset = ConstantInt::get(PtrMathTy, cval);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (performSExt) {
                        NewIdx = Builder->CreateSExt(NewIdx, PtrMathTy);
                    }
                }

                if (BinaryOperator * binaryOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(NewIdx))
                {
                    // detect the pattern
                    // GEP base, a + b
                    // where base and a are both loop invariant (but not b), so we could rearrange the lowered code into
                    // (base + (a << shftAmt)) + (b << shftAmt)
                    // For now we only look at one level
                    Loop* loop = m_LI ? m_LI->getLoopFor(binaryOp->getParent()) : nullptr;
                    if (loop != nullptr && loop->isLoopInvariant(PtrOp) && binaryOp->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add)
                    {

                        Value* LHS = binaryOp->getOperand(0);
                        Value* RHS = binaryOp->getOperand(1);
                        bool isLHSLI = loop->isLoopInvariant(LHS);
                        bool isRHSLI = loop->isLoopInvariant(RHS);

                        auto reassociate = [&](Value* invariant, Value* other)
                        {
                            Value* invariantVal = nullptr;
                            if (ElementSize == 1)
                            {
                                invariantVal = invariant;
                            }
                            else if (ElementSize.isPowerOf2())
                            {
                                invariantVal = Builder->CreateShl(invariant, APInt(pointerMathSizeInBits, ElementSize.logBase2()));
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                invariantVal = Builder->CreateMul(invariant, Builder->getInt(ElementSize));
                            }
                            PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, invariantVal);
                            NewIdx = other;
                        };
                        if (isLHSLI && !isRHSLI)
                        {
                            reassociate(LHS, RHS);
                        }
                        else if (!isLHSLI && isRHSLI)
                        {
                            reassociate(RHS, LHS);
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (ElementSize == 1) {
                    // DO NOTHING.
                }
                else if (ElementSize.isPowerOf2()) {
                    APInt ShiftAmount =
                        APInt(pointerMathSizeInBits, ElementSize.logBase2());
                    NewIdx = Builder->CreateShl(NewIdx, ShiftAmount);
                }
                else {
                    NewIdx = Builder->CreateMul(NewIdx, Builder->getInt(ElementSize));
                }


                Loop* loop = m_LI ? m_LI->getLoopFor(GEP->getParent()) : nullptr;

                if (loop && loop->isLoopInvariant(PtrOp))
                {
                    // add COffset to Pointer base first so LICM can kick in later
                    // note that PointerValue is guaranteed to be LI since both PtrOp and whatever
                    // we've added to it during reassociation must be LI
                    if (COffset)
                    {
                        PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, COffset);
                    }
                    PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, NewIdx);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (auto NewIdxVT = dyn_cast<IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType>(NewIdx->getType())) {
                        Value* result = llvm::UndefValue::get(FixedVectorType::get(PtrMathTy, (unsigned)NewIdxVT->getNumElements()));
                        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < (uint32_t)NewIdxVT->getNumElements(); j++) {
                            result = Builder->CreateInsertElement(result, PointerValue, Builder->getInt32(j));
                        }
                        PointerValue = result;
                    }
                    PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, NewIdx);
                    if (COffset)
                    {
                        PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(PointerValue, COffset);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (reducePointerArith)
    {
        IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(GEP->isInBounds(), "we can only do a zext if the GEP is inbound");
        if (!canReduceNegativeOffset)
        {
            PointerValue = Builder->CreateZExt(PointerValue, BasePointer->getType());
        }
        else
        {
            PointerValue = Builder->CreateSExt(PointerValue, BasePointer->getType());
        }
        PointerValue = Builder->CreateAdd(BasePointer, PointerValue);
    }
    PointerValue = Builder->CreateIntToPtr(PointerValue, GEP->getType());
    GEP->replaceAllUsesWith(PointerValue);
    GEP->eraseFromParent();

    return true;
}

bool GenIRLowering::constantFoldFMaxFMin(CallInst* GII,
    BasicBlock::iterator& BBI) const {
    // Constant fold fmax/fmin only.
    EOPCODE GIID = GetOpCode(GII);
    if (GIID != llvm_max && GIID != llvm_min)
        return false;

    // Skip fmax/fmin with non-constant operand.
    ConstantFP* CFP0 = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(GII->getOperand(0));
    ConstantFP* CFP1 = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(GII->getOperand(1));
    if (!CFP0 || !CFP1)
        return false;

    // Fold fmax/fmin following OpenCL spec.
    const APFloat& A = CFP0->getValueAPF();
    const APFloat& B = CFP1->getValueAPF();
    APFloat Result =
        (GIID == llvm_min) ? minnum(A, B) : maxnum(A, B);
    Constant* C = ConstantFP::get(GII->getContext(), Result);

    GII->replaceAllUsesWith(C);
    GII->eraseFromParent();

    return true;
}

bool GenIRLowering::combineFMaxFMin(CallInst* GII,
    BasicBlock::iterator& BBI) const {
    using namespace llvm::PatternMatch; // Scoped namespace using.

    // Fold fmax/fmin with all constant operands.
    if (constantFoldFMaxFMin(GII, BBI))
        return true;

    ConstantFP* CMin, * CMax;
    Value* X = nullptr;

    if (!match(GII, m_ClampWithConstants(m_Value(X), CMin, CMax)))
        return false;

    // Optimize chained clamp, i.e. combine
    // (clamp (clamp x, MIN, MAX), MIN, MAX) into
    // (clamp x, MIN, MAX)
    ConstantFP* CMin2, * CMax2;
    Value* X2 = nullptr;
    if (match(X, m_ClampWithConstants(m_Value(X2), CMin2, CMax2)) &&
        CMin == CMin2 && CMax == CMax2) {
        GII->replaceAllUsesWith(X);
        GII->eraseFromParent();

        return true;
    }

    // TODO: The following case should be combined as well
    //  (clamp (clamp x, MIN, MAX), MIN2, MAX2) into
    //  (clamp x, MIN3, MAX3), where
    // MIN3 = max(MIN, MIN2) and MAX3 = min(MAX, MAX2). The above case is just a
    // special case of this general form.

    if (!CMin->isZero() || !CMax->isExactlyValue(1.f))
        return false;

    // TODO: optimize chained fsat, i.e. combine
    // (fsat (fsat x)) into (fsat x)

    auto M = GII->getParent()->getParent()->getParent();
    GenISAIntrinsic::ID IID = GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fsat;
    Function* IFunc = GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(M, IID, GII->getType());

    Instruction* I = Builder->CreateCall(IFunc, X);
    GII->replaceAllUsesWith(I);
    GII->eraseFromParent();

    BBI = llvm::BasicBlock::iterator(I);
    ++BBI;

    return true;
}

bool GenIRLowering::combineSelectInst(SelectInst* Sel,
    BasicBlock::iterator& BBI) const {
    using namespace llvm::PatternMatch; // Scoped namespace using.

    Value* LHS = nullptr;
    Value* RHS = nullptr;
    bool IsMax = false;
    unsigned Opcode = Instruction::UserOp1;

    if (Sel->getType()->isIntegerTy()) {
        IsMax = match(Sel, m_OrdFMaxCast(Opcode, m_Value(LHS), m_Value(RHS)));
        if (!IsMax &&
            !match(Sel, m_OrdFMinCast(Opcode, m_Value(LHS), m_Value(RHS))))
            return false;

        switch (Opcode) {
        default:
            return false;
        case Instruction::FPToSI:
        case Instruction::FPToUI:
        case Instruction::BitCast:
            break;
        }
    }
    else {
        IsMax = match(Sel, m_OrdFMax(m_Value(LHS), m_Value(RHS)));
        if (!IsMax && !match(Sel, m_OrdFMin(m_Value(LHS), m_Value(RHS))))
            return false;
    }

    IGCLLVM::Intrinsic IID =
        IsMax ? Intrinsic::maxnum : Intrinsic::minnum;
    Function* IFunc = Intrinsic::getDeclaration(
        Sel->getParent()->getParent()->getParent(), IID, LHS->getType());

    Instruction* I = Builder->CreateCall2(IFunc, LHS, RHS);
    BBI = BasicBlock::iterator(I); // Don't move to the next one. We still need combine for saturation.
    if (Opcode != Instruction::UserOp1) {
        I = cast<Instruction>(Builder->CreateCast(
            static_cast<Instruction::CastOps>(Opcode), I, Sel->getType()));
    }
    Sel->replaceAllUsesWith(I);
    Sel->eraseFromParent();

    return false;
}

FunctionPass* IGC::createGenIRLowerPass() {
    return new GenIRLowering();
}

// Register pass to igc-opt
#define PASS_FLAG "igc-gen-ir-lowering"
#define PASS_DESCRIPTION "Lowers GEP into primitive ones"
#define PASS_CFG_ONLY false
#define PASS_ANALYSIS false
IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(GenIRLowering, PASS_FLAG, PASS_DESCRIPTION,
    PASS_CFG_ONLY, PASS_ANALYSIS)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(MetaDataUtilsWrapper)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(CodeGenContextWrapper)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_END(GenIRLowering, PASS_FLAG, PASS_DESCRIPTION,
        PASS_CFG_ONLY, PASS_ANALYSIS)

FunctionPass* IGC::createGEPLoweringPass() {
    return new GEPLowering();
}

// Register pass to igc-opt
#define PASS_FLAG2 "igc-gep-lowering"
#define PASS_DESCRIPTION2 "Lowers GEP into primitive ones"
#define PASS_CFG_ONLY2 false
#define PASS_ANALYSIS2 false
IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(GEPLowering, PASS_FLAG2, PASS_DESCRIPTION2,
    PASS_CFG_ONLY2, PASS_ANALYSIS2)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(MetaDataUtilsWrapper)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(CodeGenContextWrapper)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LoopInfoWrapperPass)
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass);
    IGC_INITIALIZE_PASS_END(GEPLowering, PASS_FLAG2, PASS_DESCRIPTION2,
        PASS_CFG_ONLY2, PASS_ANALYSIS2)
