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   Copyright 1998-2021 Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org>
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.. index:: pair: assertz/1; Built-in method
.. _methods_assertz_1:

``assertz/1``
=============

Description
-----------

::

   assertz(Head)
   assertz((Head:-Body))

Asserts a clause as the last one for a dynamic predicate. If the
predicate is not previously declared (using a scope directive), then a
dynamic predicate declaration is added to the object (assuming that we
are asserting locally or that the
:ref:`dynamic_declarations <flag_dynamic_declarations>` compiler flag
was set to ``allow`` when the object was created or compiled).

When the predicate indicator for ``Head`` is declared in a :ref:`directives_uses_2` or
:ref:`directives_use_module_2` directive, the clause is asserted in the referenced
object or module. When the backend Prolog compiler supports a module system, the
predicate argument can also be module qualified.

This method may be used to assert clauses for predicates that are not
declared dynamic for dynamic objects provided that the predicates are
declared in :term:`this`. This allows easy initialization of dynamically
created objects when writing constructors.

Modes and number of proofs
--------------------------

::

   assertz(+clause) - one

Errors
------

| ``Head`` is a variable:
|     ``instantiation_error``
| ``Head`` is a neither a variable nor a callable term:
|     ``type_error(callable, Head)``
| ``Body`` cannot be converted to a goal:
|     ``type_error(callable, Body)``
| The predicate indicator of ``Head``, ``Name/Arity``, is that of a private predicate:
|     ``permission_error(modify, private_predicate, Name/Arity)``
| The predicate indicator of ``Head``, ``Name/Arity``, is that of a protected predicate:
|     ``permission_error(modify, protected_predicate, Name/Arity)``
| The predicate indicator of ``Head``, ``Name/Arity``, is that of a static predicate:
|     ``permission_error(modify, static_predicate, Name/Arity)``
| The predicate indicator of ``Head``, ``Name/Arity``, does not match a declared predicate and the target object was created/compiled with support for dynamic declaration of predicates turned off:
|     ``permission_error(create, predicate_declaration, Name/Arity)``

Examples
--------

| To assert a clause as the last one for a local dynamic predicate or a dynamic predicate in :term:`this`:
|     ``assertz(Clause)``
| To assert a clause as the last one for any public or protected dynamic predicate in :term:`self`:
|     ``::assertz(Clause)``
| To assert a clause as the last one for any public dynamic predicate in an explicit object:
|     ``Object::assertz(Clause)``

.. seealso::

   :ref:`methods_abolish_1`,
   :ref:`methods_asserta_1`,
   :ref:`methods_clause_2`,
   :ref:`methods_retract_1`,
   :ref:`methods_retractall_1`
   :ref:`directives_dynamic_0`,
   :ref:`directives_dynamic_1`,
   :ref:`directives_uses_2`,
   :ref:`directives_use_module_2`
