/*
 * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

//
// Docs: https://fburl.com/fbcref_coro_retry
//

#pragma once

#include <folly/CancellationToken.h>
#include <folly/ConstexprMath.h>
#include <folly/ExceptionWrapper.h>
#include <folly/Random.h>
#include <folly/Try.h>
#include <folly/experimental/coro/Coroutine.h>
#include <folly/experimental/coro/Result.h>
#include <folly/experimental/coro/Sleep.h>
#include <folly/experimental/coro/Task.h>
#include <folly/experimental/coro/Traits.h>

#include <cstdint>
#include <random>
#include <utility>

#if FOLLY_HAS_COROUTINES

/**
 * \file experimental/coro/Retry.h
 *
 * Coroutine implementation of futures/Retrying.h
 *
 * This file provides utility functions (with building blocks) to build retry
 * logic. There are three function families:
 * - retryWhen: try to a func (which produces an awaitable); if fail (with an
 * non folly::OperationCancelled exception), then wait on a delay func (which
 * produces an awaitable too). This retry logic can run **forever**, so it is
 * not recommended to use it directly. This the auxiliary function to help build
 * retryN and retryWithExponentialBackoff.
 * - retryN: try the func with limited N times
 * - retryWithExponentialBackoff: the retries will be restarted with
 * exponiential backoff.
 *
 * \refcode folly/docs/examples/folly/experimental/coro/Retry.cpp
 */

namespace folly::coro {

/// Execute a given asynchronous operation returned by func(),
/// retrying it on failure, if desired, after awaiting
/// retryDelay(error).
///
/// If 'func()' operation succeeds or completes with OperationCancelled
/// then completes immediately with that result.
///
/// Otherwise, if it fails with an error then the function
/// 'retryDelay()' is invoked with the exception_wrapper for
/// the error and must return another Task<void>.
///
/// If this task completes successfully or completes with then it will retry
/// the func() operation, otherwise if it completes with an
/// error then the whole operation will complete with that error.
///
/// This allows you to do some asynchronous work between retries (such as
/// sleeping for a given duration, but could be some reparatory work in
/// response to particular errors) and the retry will be scheduled once
/// the retryDelay() operation completes successfully.
template <typename Func, typename RetryDelayFunc>
auto retryWhen(Func func, RetryDelayFunc retryDelay)
    -> Task<semi_await_result_t<invoke_result_t<Func&>>> {
  while (true) {
    exception_wrapper error;
    try {
      auto result = co_await folly::coro::co_awaitTry(func());
      if (result.hasValue()) {
        co_return std::move(result).value();
      } else {
        assert(result.hasException());
        error = std::move(result.exception());
      }
    } catch (...) {
      error = exception_wrapper(current_exception());
    }

    if (error.is_compatible_with<folly::OperationCancelled>()) {
      co_yield folly::coro::co_error(std::move(error));
    }

    Try<void> retryResult =
        co_await folly::coro::co_awaitTry(retryDelay(std::move(error)));
    if (retryResult.hasException()) {
      /// Failure (or cancellation) of retryDelay() indicates we should stop
      /// retrying.
      co_yield folly::coro::co_error(std::move(retryResult.exception()));
    }

    /// Otherwise we go around the loop again.
  }
}

namespace detail {

template <typename Decider>
class RetryImmediatelyWithLimit {
 public:
  template <typename Decider2>
  explicit RetryImmediatelyWithLimit(
      uint32_t maxRetries, Decider2&& decider) noexcept
      : retriesRemaining_(maxRetries),
        decider_(static_cast<Decider2&&>(decider)) {}

  Task<void> operator()(exception_wrapper&& ew) & {
    if (retriesRemaining_ == 0 || !decider_(ew)) {
      co_yield folly::coro::co_error(std::move(ew));
    }

    const auto& cancelToken = co_await co_current_cancellation_token;
    if (cancelToken.isCancellationRequested()) {
      co_yield folly::coro::co_error(OperationCancelled{});
    }

    --retriesRemaining_;
  }

 private:
  uint32_t retriesRemaining_;
  Decider decider_;
};

struct AlwaysRetry {
  bool operator()(const folly::exception_wrapper&) noexcept { return true; }
};

} // namespace detail

/// Executes the operation returned by func(), retrying it up to
/// 'maxRetries' times on failure with no delay between retries.
template <typename Func, typename Decider>
auto retryN(uint32_t maxRetries, Func&& func, Decider&& decider) {
  return folly::coro::retryWhen(
      static_cast<Func&&>(func),
      detail::RetryImmediatelyWithLimit<remove_cvref_t<Decider>>{
          maxRetries, static_cast<Decider&&>(decider)});
}

template <typename Func>
auto retryN(uint32_t maxRetries, Func&& func) {
  return folly::coro::retryN(
      maxRetries, static_cast<Func&&>(func), detail::AlwaysRetry{});
}

namespace detail {

template <typename URNG, typename Decider>
class ExponentialBackoffWithJitter {
 public:
  template <typename URNG2, typename Decider2>
  explicit ExponentialBackoffWithJitter(
      Timekeeper* tk,
      uint32_t maxRetries,
      Duration minBackoff,
      Duration maxBackoff,
      double relativeJitterStdDev,
      URNG2&& rng,
      Decider2&& decider) noexcept
      : timeKeeper_(tk),
        maxRetries_(maxRetries),
        retryCount_(0),
        minBackoff_(minBackoff),
        maxBackoff_(maxBackoff),
        relativeJitterStdDev_(relativeJitterStdDev),
        randomGen_(static_cast<URNG2&&>(rng)),
        decider_(static_cast<Decider2&&>(decider)) {}

  Task<void> operator()(exception_wrapper&& ew) & {
    using dist = std::normal_distribution<double>;

    if (retryCount_ == maxRetries_ || !decider_(ew)) {
      co_yield folly::coro::co_error(std::move(ew));
    }

    ++retryCount_;

    /// The jitter will be a value between [e^-stdev]
    const auto jitter = relativeJitterStdDev_ > 0
        ? std::exp(dist{0., relativeJitterStdDev_}(randomGen_))
        : 1.;
    // TODO T186551522 Calculate backoff in microseconds.
    const auto backoffNominal =
        Duration(folly::constexpr_clamp_cast<Duration::rep>(
            jitter * minBackoff_.count() * std::pow(2, retryCount_ - 1u)));

    const Duration backoff = std::clamp(
        backoffNominal, minBackoff_, std::max(minBackoff_, maxBackoff_));

    co_await folly::coro::sleep(backoff, timeKeeper_);

    /// Check to see if we were cancelled during the sleep.
    const auto& cancelToken = co_await co_current_cancellation_token;
    if (cancelToken.isCancellationRequested()) {
      co_yield folly::coro::co_cancelled;
    }
  }

 private:
  Timekeeper* timeKeeper_;
  const uint32_t maxRetries_;
  uint32_t retryCount_;
  const Duration minBackoff_;
  const Duration maxBackoff_;
  const double relativeJitterStdDev_;
  URNG randomGen_;
  Decider decider_;
};

} // namespace detail

/// Executes the operation returned from 'func()', retrying it on failure
/// up to 'maxRetries' times, with an exponential backoff, doubling the backoff
/// on average for each retry, applying some random jitter, up to the specified
/// maximum backoff, passing each error to decider to decide whether to retry or
/// not.
template <typename Func, typename URNG, typename Decider>
auto retryWithExponentialBackoff(
    uint32_t maxRetries,
    Duration minBackoff,
    Duration maxBackoff,
    double relativeJitterStdDev,
    Timekeeper* timeKeeper,
    URNG&& rng,
    Func&& func,
    Decider&& decider) {
  return folly::coro::retryWhen(
      static_cast<Func&&>(func),
      detail::ExponentialBackoffWithJitter<
          remove_cvref_t<URNG>,
          remove_cvref_t<Decider>>{
          timeKeeper,
          maxRetries,
          minBackoff,
          maxBackoff,
          relativeJitterStdDev,
          static_cast<URNG&&>(rng),
          static_cast<Decider&&>(decider)});
}

template <typename Func, typename URNG>
auto retryWithExponentialBackoff(
    uint32_t maxRetries,
    Duration minBackoff,
    Duration maxBackoff,
    double relativeJitterStdDev,
    Timekeeper* timeKeeper,
    URNG&& rng,
    Func&& func) {
  return folly::coro::retryWithExponentialBackoff(
      maxRetries,
      minBackoff,
      maxBackoff,
      relativeJitterStdDev,
      timeKeeper,
      static_cast<URNG&&>(rng),
      static_cast<Func&&>(func),
      detail::AlwaysRetry{});
}

template <typename Func>
auto retryWithExponentialBackoff(
    uint32_t maxRetries,
    Duration minBackoff,
    Duration maxBackoff,
    double relativeJitterStdDev,
    Timekeeper* timeKeeper,
    Func&& func) {
  return folly::coro::retryWithExponentialBackoff(
      maxRetries,
      minBackoff,
      maxBackoff,
      relativeJitterStdDev,
      timeKeeper,
      ThreadLocalPRNG(),
      static_cast<Func&&>(func));
}

template <typename Func>
auto retryWithExponentialBackoff(
    uint32_t maxRetries,
    Duration minBackoff,
    Duration maxBackoff,
    double relativeJitterStdDev,
    Func&& func) {
  return folly::coro::retryWithExponentialBackoff(
      maxRetries,
      minBackoff,
      maxBackoff,
      relativeJitterStdDev,
      static_cast<Timekeeper*>(nullptr),
      static_cast<Func&&>(func));
}

template <typename Func, typename Decider>
auto retryWithExponentialBackoff(
    uint32_t maxRetries,
    Duration minBackoff,
    Duration maxBackoff,
    double relativeJitterStdDev,
    Func&& func,
    Decider&& decider) {
  return folly::coro::retryWithExponentialBackoff(
      maxRetries,
      minBackoff,
      maxBackoff,
      relativeJitterStdDev,
      static_cast<Timekeeper*>(nullptr),
      ThreadLocalPRNG(),
      static_cast<Func&&>(func),
      static_cast<Decider&&>(decider));
}

} // namespace folly::coro

#endif // FOLLY_HAS_COROUTINES
