// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
//
// This file implements death tests.

#include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

#if GTEST_OS_MAC
#include <crt_externs.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>

#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
#include <signal.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#include <stdarg.h>

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

#if GTEST_OS_QNX
#include <spawn.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"

// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing
{
// Constants.

// The default death test style.
static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";

GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	death_test_style,
	internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
	"Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
	"\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
	"from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
	"\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
	"after forking).");

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	death_test_use_fork,
	internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
	"Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
	"Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
	"implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
	"those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
	"it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
	"It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
	"work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
	"most likely be removed.");

namespace internal
{
GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	internal_run_death_test, "",
	"Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
	"the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
	"which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
	"the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
	"process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
	"death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
}  // namespace internal

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

namespace internal
{
// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
// child process of a fast style death test.
static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;

// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
bool InDeathTestChild()
{
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	// On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
	// death_test_style flag.
	return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();

#else

	if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
		return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
	else
		return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
#endif
}

}  // namespace internal

// ExitedWithCode constructor.
ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code)
{
}

// ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const
{
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	return exit_status == exit_code_;

#else

	return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
}

#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// KilledBySignal constructor.
KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum)
{
}

// KilledBySignal function-call operator.
bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const
{
	return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
}
#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace internal
{
// Utilities needed for death tests.

// Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
// specified by wait(2).
static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code)
{
	Message m;

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;

#else

	if (WIFEXITED(exit_code))
	{
		m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
	}
	else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code))
	{
		m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
	}
#ifdef WCOREDUMP
	if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code))
	{
		m << " (core dumped)";
	}
#endif
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	return m.GetString();
}

// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status)
{
	return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
}

#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
// one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
// to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
// caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count)
{
	Message msg;
	msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
		<< " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
	if (thread_count == 0)
		msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
	else
		msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
	return msg.GetString();
}
#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';

// An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
// conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the test
// code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
// RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
// statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
// returned control by throwing an exception.  IN_PROGRESS means the test
// has not yet concluded.
// TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
// AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
enum DeathTestOutcome
{
	IN_PROGRESS,
	DIED,
	LIVED,
	RETURNED,
	THREW
};

// Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
// exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
// message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
// message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
// then exits with status 1.
void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message)
{
	// On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
	// death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
	// the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
	const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
		GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
	if (flag != NULL)
	{
		FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
		fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
		fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
		fflush(parent);
		_exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
		fflush(stderr);
		posix::Abort();
	}
}

// A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
// fails.
#define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression)                                                                                                            \
	do                                                                                                                                                 \
	{                                                                                                                                                  \
		if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression))                                                                                                  \
		{                                                                                                                                              \
			DeathTestAbort(                                                                                                                            \
				::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " + #expression); \
		}                                                                                                                                              \
	} while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
// evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
// -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
// should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
// evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
// errno to EINTR.  If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
// something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
#define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression)                                                                                                               \
	do                                                                                                                                                            \
	{                                                                                                                                                             \
		int gtest_retval;                                                                                                                                         \
		do                                                                                                                                                        \
		{                                                                                                                                                         \
			gtest_retval = (expression);                                                                                                                          \
		} while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR);                                                                                                           \
		if (gtest_retval == -1)                                                                                                                                   \
		{                                                                                                                                                         \
			DeathTestAbort(                                                                                                                                       \
				::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " + #expression + " != -1"); \
		}                                                                                                                                                         \
	} while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
std::string GetLastErrnoDescription()
{
	return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
}

// This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
// message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
// severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
// platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
static void FailFromInternalError(int fd)
{
	Message error;
	char buffer[256];
	int num_read;

	do
	{
		while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0)
		{
			buffer[num_read] = '\0';
			error << buffer;
		}
	} while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);

	if (num_read == 0)
	{
		GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
	}
	else
	{
		const int last_error = errno;
		GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
						  << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
	}
}

// Death test constructor.  Increments the running death test count
// for the current test.
DeathTest::DeathTest()
{
	TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
	if (info == NULL)
	{
		DeathTestAbort(
			"Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
			"TEST_F construct");
	}
}

// Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
// death test factory.
bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
					   const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test)
{
	return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
		statement, regex, file, line, test);
}

const char* DeathTest::LastMessage()
{
	return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
}

void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message)
{
	last_death_test_message_ = message;
}

std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;

// Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest
{
protected:
	DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
		: statement_(a_statement),
		  regex_(a_regex),
		  spawned_(false),
		  status_(-1),
		  outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
		  read_fd_(-1),
		  write_fd_(-1) {}

	// read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
	~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1); }

	void Abort(AbortReason reason);
	virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);

	const char* statement() const { return statement_; }
	const RE* regex() const { return regex_; }
	bool spawned() const { return spawned_; }
	void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) { spawned_ = is_spawned; }
	int status() const { return status_; }
	void set_status(int a_status) { status_ = a_status; }
	DeathTestOutcome outcome() const { return outcome_; }
	void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) { outcome_ = an_outcome; }
	int read_fd() const { return read_fd_; }
	void set_read_fd(int fd) { read_fd_ = fd; }
	int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
	void set_write_fd(int fd) { write_fd_ = fd; }

	// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
	// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
	// member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
	// case of unexpected codes.
	void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

private:
	// The textual content of the code this object is testing.  This class
	// doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
	const char* const statement_;
	// The regular expression which test output must match.  DeathTestImpl
	// doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
	const RE* const regex_;
	// True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
	bool spawned_;
	// The exit status of the child process.
	int status_;
	// How the death test concluded.
	DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
	// Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process.  It is
	// always -1 in the child process.  The child keeps its write end of the
	// pipe in write_fd_.
	int read_fd_;
	// Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
	// It is always -1 in the parent process.  The parent keeps its end of the
	// pipe in read_fd_.
	int write_fd_;
};

// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
// member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
// case of unexpected codes.
void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte()
{
	char flag;
	int bytes_read;

	// The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
	// failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
	// its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
	// the child process has exited.
	do
	{
		bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
	} while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);

	if (bytes_read == 0)
	{
		set_outcome(DIED);
	}
	else if (bytes_read == 1)
	{
		switch (flag)
		{
			case kDeathTestReturned:
				set_outcome(RETURNED);
				break;
			case kDeathTestThrew:
				set_outcome(THREW);
				break;
			case kDeathTestLived:
				set_outcome(LIVED);
				break;
			case kDeathTestInternalError:
				FailFromInternalError(read_fd());  // Does not return.
				break;
			default:
				GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
								  << "unexpected status byte ("
								  << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
		}
	}
	else
	{
		GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
						  << GetLastErrnoDescription();
	}
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
	set_read_fd(-1);
}

// Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
// Should be called only in a death test child process.
// Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
// calls _exit(1).
void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason)
{
	// The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
	// it finds any data in our pipe.  So, here we write a single flag byte
	// to the pipe, then exit.
	const char status_ch =
		reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived : reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;

	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
	// We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
	// when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
	// run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
	// indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
	// close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
	// may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
	// relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
	// when the destructors are not run.
	_exit(1);  // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
}

// Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
// This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
// much easier.
static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string& output)
{
	::std::string ret;
	for (size_t at = 0;;)
	{
		const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
		ret += "[  DEATH   ] ";
		if (line_end == ::std::string::npos)
		{
			ret += output.substr(at);
			break;
		}
		ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
		at = line_end + 1;
	}
	return ret;
}

// Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
// members which have previously been set, and one argument:
//
// Private data members:
//   outcome:  An enumeration describing how the death test
//             concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED.  The death test
//             fails in the latter three cases.
//   status:   The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
//             in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
//             value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
//             of the exception that terminated the program.
//   regex:    A regular expression object to be applied to
//             the test's captured standard error output; the death test
//             fails if it does not match.
//
// Argument:
//   status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
//              this particular death test, which fails if it is false
//
// Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
// first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
// reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok)
{
	if (!spawned())
		return false;

	const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();

	bool success = false;
	Message buffer;

	buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
	switch (outcome())
	{
		case LIVED:
			buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
				   << " Error msg:\n"
				   << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
			break;
		case THREW:
			buffer << "    Result: threw an exception.\n"
				   << " Error msg:\n"
				   << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
			break;
		case RETURNED:
			buffer << "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
				   << " Error msg:\n"
				   << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
			break;
		case DIED:
			if (status_ok)
			{
				const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
				if (matched)
				{
					success = true;
				}
				else
				{
					buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
						   << "  Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
						   << "Actual msg:\n"
						   << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
					   << "            " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
					   << "Actual msg:\n"
					   << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
			}
			break;
		case IN_PROGRESS:
		default:
			GTEST_LOG_(FATAL)
				<< "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
	}

	DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
	return success;
}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
// specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
// always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
// --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
// --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
//
// A few implementation notes:  Like the Linux version, the Windows
// implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
// the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
//
// 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
//    ends of it.
// 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
//    necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
// 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
//    using a Windows event.
// 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
//    this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
//    0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
//    parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
//    the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
// 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
//    any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
//    determines whether to fail the test.
//
// Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
// calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
//
class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl
{
public:
	WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
					 const RE* a_regex,
					 const char* file,
					 int line)
		: DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}

	// All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
	virtual int Wait();
	virtual TestRole AssumeRole();

private:
	// The name of the file in which the death test is located.
	const char* const file_;
	// The line number on which the death test is located.
	const int line_;
	// Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
	AutoHandle write_handle_;
	// Child process handle.
	AutoHandle child_handle_;
	// Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
	// acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
	// event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
	// ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
	AutoHandle event_handle_;
};

// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
// outcome data member.
int WindowsDeathTest::Wait()
{
	if (!spawned())
		return 0;

	// Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
	// of the pipe or it dies.
	const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = {child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get()};
	switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
									 wait_handles,
									 FALSE,  // Waits for any of the handles.
									 INFINITE))
	{
		case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
		case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
			break;
		default:
			GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false);  // Should not get here.
	}

	// The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
	// We release the handle on our side and continue.
	write_handle_.Reset();
	event_handle_.Reset();

	ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

	// Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
	// returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
	// whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
	// handle or not.
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
		WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
											   INFINITE));
	DWORD status_code;
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
		::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
	child_handle_.Reset();
	set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
	return status();
}

// The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test.  It creates a child
// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
// current death test only.
DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole()
{
	const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
	const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
		impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
	const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
	const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();

	if (flag != NULL)
	{
		// ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
		// processing.
		set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
		return EXECUTE_TEST;
	}

	// WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
	// a death test.
	SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
		sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE};
	HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
		::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
					 0)  // Default buffer size.
		!= FALSE);
	set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
								  O_RDONLY));
	write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
	event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
		&handles_are_inheritable,
		TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
		FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
		NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
	const std::string filter_flag =
		std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
		info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
	const std::string internal_flag =
		std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
		"=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
		StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
		StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
		// size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
		// Windows platforms.
		// See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
		"|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
		"|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));

	char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
		_MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
											  executable_path,
											  _MAX_PATH));

	std::string command_line =
		std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
		internal_flag + "\"";

	DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");

	CaptureStderr();
	// Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
	FlushInfoLog();

	// The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
	STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
	memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
	startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
	startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
	startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);

	PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
								executable_path,
								const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
								NULL,  // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
								NULL,  // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
								TRUE,  // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
								0x0,   // Default creation flags.
								NULL,  // Inherit the parent's environment.
								UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
								&startup_info,
								&process_info) != FALSE);
	child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
	::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
	set_spawned(true);
	return OVERSEE_TEST;
}
#else  // We are not on Windows.

// ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
// methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
// left undefined.
class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl
{
public:
	ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement, const RE* regex);

	// All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
	virtual int Wait();

protected:
	void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) { child_pid_ = child_pid; }

private:
	// PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
	pid_t child_pid_;
};

// Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
	: DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
	  child_pid_(-1) {}

// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
// outcome data member.
int ForkingDeathTest::Wait()
{
	if (!spawned())
		return 0;

	ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

	int status_value;
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
	set_status(status_value);
	return status_value;
}

// A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
// in the child process.
class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest
{
public:
	NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex) : ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) {}
	virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
};

// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test.  It implements a
// straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole()
{
	const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
	if (thread_count != 1)
	{
		GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
	}

	int pipe_fd[2];
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);

	DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
	CaptureStderr();
	// When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
	// file descriptors are shared.  We flush all log files here so that closing
	// the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
	// synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
	// This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
	// there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
	// thread writes to the log file.
	FlushInfoLog();

	const pid_t child_pid = fork();
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
	set_child_pid(child_pid);
	if (child_pid == 0)
	{
		GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
		set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
		// Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
		// concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
		// process and append the child process' output to a log.
		LogToStderr();
		// Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
		// down in death test subprocesses.
		GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
		g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
		return EXECUTE_TEST;
	}
	else
	{
		GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
		set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
		set_spawned(true);
		return OVERSEE_TEST;
	}
}

// A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
// program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
// only this specific death test to be run.
class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest
{
public:
	ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
				  const char* file, int line) : ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
	virtual TestRole AssumeRole();

private:
	static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
	GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess()
	{
		::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
		return args;
	}
	// The name of the file in which the death test is located.
	const char* const file_;
	// The line number on which the death test is located.
	const int line_;
};

// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
class Arguments
{
public:
	Arguments()
	{
		args_.push_back(NULL);
	}

	~Arguments()
	{
		for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
			 ++i)
		{
			free(*i);
		}
	}
	void AddArgument(const char* argument)
	{
		args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
	}

	template <typename Str>
	void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments)
	{
		for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
			 i != arguments.end();
			 ++i)
		{
			args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
		}
	}
	char* const* Argv()
	{
		return &args_[0];
	}

private:
	std::vector<char*> args_;
};

// A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
// threadsafe-style death test process.
struct ExecDeathTestArgs
{
	char* const* argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
	int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
};

#if GTEST_OS_MAC
inline char** GetEnviron()
{
	// When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
	// is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
	// _NSGetEnviron() instead.
	return *_NSGetEnviron();
}
#else
// Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
// it reside in the global namespace.
extern "C" char** environ;
inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#if !GTEST_OS_QNX
// The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
// This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
// any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg)
{
	ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));

	// We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
	// it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
	// working directory first.
	const char* const original_dir =
		UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
	// We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
	if (chdir(original_dir) != 0)
	{
		DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
					   GetLastErrnoDescription());
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	// We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
	// cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
	// unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
	// invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
	// one path separator.
	execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
	DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
				   original_dir + " failed: " +
				   GetLastErrnoDescription());
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
#endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX

// Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
// grows.
// This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
// function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
// a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
//
// GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
// StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
// correct answer.
void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result)
{
	int dummy;
	*result = (&dummy < ptr);
}

bool StackGrowsDown()
{
	int dummy;
	bool result;
	StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
	return result;
}

// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
// anything goes wrong.
static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd)
{
	ExecDeathTestArgs args = {argv, close_fd};
	pid_t child_pid = -1;

#if GTEST_OS_QNX
	// Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
	// process.
	const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
	// We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
	// it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
	// working directory first.
	const char* const original_dir =
		UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
	// We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
	if (chdir(original_dir) != 0)
	{
		DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
					   GetLastErrnoDescription());
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	int fd_flags;
	// Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
										  fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
	struct inheritance inherit = {0};
	// spawn is a system call.
	child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
	// Restores the current working directory.
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));

#else  // GTEST_OS_QNX
#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
	// When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
	// the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
	// it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
	struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
	struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
	memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
	sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
	ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
		SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
	const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);

	if (!use_fork)
	{
		static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
		const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
		// MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
		void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
								 MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
		GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);

		// Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
		// amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
		// that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
		// about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
		// than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
		// kMaxStackAlignment.
		const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
		void* const stack_top =
			static_cast<char*>(stack) +
			(stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
		GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
								reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);

		child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);

		GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
	}
#else
	const bool use_fork = true;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE

	if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0)
	{
		ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
		_exit(0);
	}
#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
		sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
	return child_pid;
}

// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
// main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
// and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
// death test to be re-run.
DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole()
{
	const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
	const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
		impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
	const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
	const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();

	if (flag != NULL)
	{
		set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
		return EXECUTE_TEST;
	}

	int pipe_fd[2];
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
	// Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
	// it be closed when the child process does an exec:
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);

	const std::string filter_flag =
		std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
	const std::string internal_flag =
		std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
	Arguments args;
	args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
	args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
	args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());

	DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");

	CaptureStderr();
	// See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
	// is necessary.
	FlushInfoLog();

	const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
	GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
	set_child_pid(child_pid);
	set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
	set_spawned(true);
	return OVERSEE_TEST;
}

#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
// --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
// by the "test" argument to its address.  If the test should be
// skipped, sets that pointer to NULL.  Returns true, unless the
// flag is set to an invalid value.
bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
									 const char* file, int line,
									 DeathTest** test)
{
	UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
	const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
		impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
	const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
									 ->increment_death_test_count();

	if (flag != NULL)
	{
		if (death_test_index > flag->index())
		{
			DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
				"Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum (" + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
			return false;
		}

		if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
			  flag->index() == death_test_index))
		{
			*test = NULL;
			return true;
		}
	}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
		GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast")
	{
		*test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
	}

#else

	if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
	{
		*test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
	}
	else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast")
	{
		*test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
	}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	else
	{  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
		DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
			"Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) + "\" encountered");
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
// vector with the fields.  GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
// ::std::string, so we can use it here.
static void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
						::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest)
{
	::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
	::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
	while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue())
	{
		const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
		if (colon == ::std::string::npos)
		{
			parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
			pos = colon + 1;
		}
	}
	dest->swap(parsed);
}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
// signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
// handle. This function is called in the child process only.
int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
							size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
							size_t event_handle_as_size_t)
{
	AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
												   FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
												   parent_process_id));
	if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
					   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
	}

	// TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
	// compile-time assertion when available.
	GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));

	const HANDLE write_handle =
		reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
	HANDLE dup_write_handle;

	// The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
	// process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
	// DuplicateHandle.
	if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
						   ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
						   0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
								   // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
						   FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
						   DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
	{
		DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
					   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
					   " from the parent process " +
					   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
	}

	const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
	HANDLE dup_event_handle;

	if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
						   ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
						   0x0,
						   FALSE,
						   DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
	{
		DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
					   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
					   " from the parent process " +
					   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
	}

	const int write_fd =
		::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
	if (write_fd == -1)
	{
		DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
					   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
					   " to a file descriptor");
	}

	// Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
	// so the parent can release its own write end.
	::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);

	return write_fd;
}
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag()
{
	if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;

	// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
	// can use it here.
	int line = -1;
	int index = -1;
	::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
	SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
	int write_fd = -1;

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
	size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
	size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;

	if (fields.size() != 6 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line) || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index) || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id) || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t) || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t))
	{
		DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
					   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
	}
	write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
									   write_handle_as_size_t,
									   event_handle_as_size_t);
#else

	if (fields.size() != 4 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line) || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index) || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd))
	{
		DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
	}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

	return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
}

}  // namespace internal

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

}  // namespace testing
