boot parameters

The Linux 2.4 SCSI subsystem HOWTO
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# 8.1. boot parameters

SCSI drivers that are built into the kernel are checked in a pre-determined order to see if HBAs that they can control are present. The user has no control over this order which in most cases is arbitrary but in the case of some older ISA adapters is required to stop misidentification [1] .

    scsi_logging=<n>
        where <n> is 0 to turn logging off
        where <n> is non-zero to turn logging on

    max_scsi_luns=<n>
        where <n> is a number between 1 and 8 (< lk 2.4.7),
        	>= lk 2.4.7 the upper limit can be much larger

    scsi_allow_ghost_devices=<n>
        where (<n> - 1) is the maximum lu number to ghost if the
            the corresponding device is offline. When <n>==0
            (default) then don't ghost any devices (in lk 2.4.26
            and later)

    scsihosts=host0:hosts1::host3

The recently introduced devfs defines a "scsihosts" boot time parameter to give the user some control over this. See the devfs documentation [ref: W5] for a description. The host names given in the list to the "scsihosts" boot option are the names of lower level drivers (e.g. "scsihosts=advansys:imm::ide-scsi"). [2] [3] Devfs does not need to be present for "scsihosts" to be used. The "scsihosts" parameter, if given, is echoed during in the boot up messages. For example:

    scsi: host order: advansys:imm::ide-scsi

Also if multiple HBA are present in a system then they are scanned in a fixed order (see footnote). The "scsihosts" parameter only effects how these HBAs are indexed (i.e. which SCSI adapter numbers are associated with them by the kernel). In the above example, if the "imm" driver is not found during boot up, then the scsi adapter number "1" is not allocated. If the "imm" driver is later loaded as a module, then it will adopt scsi adapter number "1". If a driver that is not named in "scsihosts" is found, then it will get the next available scsi adapter number (e.g. a built in aic7xxx driver would get scsi adapter number "2" in the above example).

A full list of kernel parameters with some explanations can be found in the file `/usr/src/linux/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt` .

### Notes

[1] | PCI adapters are much "safer" for initialization code than the older ISA adapters. Hence the order of initialization of PCI adapters is unlikely to lead to lockups. In this case the order of initialization (and thus SCSI adapter numbers) of built in drivers may be modified by changing the order of entries in the SCSI subsystem Makefile (`/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/Makefile`). Beware: some adapters may be recognized by more than one lower level driver (e.g. those based on NCR chipsets).
[2] | Either comma or colon can be delimiters for "scsihosts". This means that "scsihosts=advansys,imm,,ide-scsi" is also valid. Also if a machine's boot sequence involves an "initrd" stage (look in `/etc/grub.conf` or `/etc/lilo.conf` to find out if this is the case), then the mkinitrd command should be run after a change to the "scsihosts" boot time parameter. This will generate a new initrd image that needs to be put in the correct place (most probably in the `/boot` directory).
[3] | Using "scsihosts" can lead to a situation in which the computer's BIOS finds the boot track (and hence boot time parameters set in lilo or grub) on one disk while the kernel finds the root partition on another disk. This can be quite confusing when it is unplanned. Hence after changing (or adding) "scsihosts" in lilo or grub's configuration, it may be wise to boot the machine to see which disks are accessed.

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