/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2019 Robin Gareus <robin@gareus.org>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE // needed for M_PI
#endif

#include <math.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef COMPILER_MSVC
#include <stdbool.h>
#endif

#include <assert.h>

#ifndef BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES
#define BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES 64
#endif

#ifndef MIN
#define MIN(A, B) ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
#endif

/* internal MIDI event abstraction */
enum RMIDI_EV_TYPE {
	INVALID = 0,
	NOTE_ON,
	NOTE_OFF,
	PROGRAM_CHANGE,
	CONTROL_CHANGE,
	PITCH_BEND,
};

struct rmidi_event_t {
	enum RMIDI_EV_TYPE type;
	uint8_t channel; /**< the MIDI channel number 0-15 */
	union {
		struct {
			uint8_t note;
			uint8_t velocity;
		} tone;
		struct {
			uint8_t param;
			uint8_t value;
		} control;
		struct {
			uint8_t lo;
			uint8_t hi;
		} bend;
	} d;
};

typedef struct {
	uint32_t tme[3]; // attack, decay, release times [settings:ms || internal:samples]
	float    vol[2]; // attack, sustain volume [0..1]
	uint32_t off[3]; // internal use (added attack,decay,release times)
} ADSRcfg;

typedef struct _RSSynthChannel {
	uint32_t keycomp;
	uint32_t adsr_cnt[128];
	float    adsr_amp[128];
	float    phase[128];     // various use, zero'ed on note-on
	int8_t   miditable[128]; // internal, note-on/off velocity
	int8_t   midimsgs[128];  // internal, note-off + on in same cycle, sustained-off
	int8_t   sustain;        // sustain pedal pressed
	ADSRcfg  adsr;
	float    pitch_bend;
	void (*synthesize) (struct _RSSynthChannel* sc,
	                    const uint8_t note, const float vol, float pc,
	                    const size_t n_samples, float* left, float* right);
} RSSynthChannel;

typedef void (*SynthFunction) (RSSynthChannel* sc,
                               const uint8_t   note,
                               const float     vol,
                               const float     pc,
                               const size_t    n_samples,
                               float* left, float* right);

typedef struct {
	uint32_t       boffset;
	float          buf[2][BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES];
	RSSynthChannel sc[16];
	float          freqs[128];
	float          kcgain;
	float          kcfilt;
	double         rate;
	uint32_t       xmas_on;
	uint32_t       xmas_off;
} RSSynthesizer;

/* initialize ADSR values
 *
 * @param rate sample-rate
 * @param a attack time in seconds
 * @param d decay time in seconds
 * @param r release time in seconds
 * @param avol attack gain [0..1]
 * @param svol sustain volume level [0..1]
 */
static void
init_adsr (ADSRcfg* adsr, const double rate,
           const uint32_t a, const uint32_t d, const uint32_t r,
           const float avol, const float svol)
{
	adsr->vol[0] = avol;
	adsr->vol[1] = svol;
	adsr->tme[0] = a * rate / 1000.0;
	adsr->tme[1] = d * rate / 1000.0;
	adsr->tme[2] = r * rate / 1000.0;

	assert (adsr->tme[0] > 32);
	assert (adsr->tme[1] > 32);
	assert (adsr->tme[2] > 32);
	assert (adsr->vol[0] >= 0 && adsr->vol[1] <= 1.0);
	assert (adsr->vol[1] >= 0 && adsr->vol[1] <= 1.0);

	adsr->off[0] = adsr->tme[0];
	adsr->off[1] = adsr->tme[1] + adsr->off[0];
	adsr->off[2] = adsr->tme[2] + adsr->off[1];
}

/* calculate per-sample, per-key envelope */
static inline float
adsr_env (RSSynthChannel* sc, const uint8_t note)
{
	if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] < sc->adsr.off[0]) {
		// attack
		const uint32_t p = ++sc->adsr_cnt[note];
		if (p == sc->adsr.tme[0]) {
			sc->adsr_amp[note] = sc->adsr.vol[0];
			return sc->adsr.vol[0];
		} else {
			const float d = sc->adsr.vol[0] - sc->adsr_amp[note];
			return sc->adsr_amp[note] + (p / (float)sc->adsr.tme[0]) * d;
		}
	} else if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] < sc->adsr.off[1]) {
		// decay
		const uint32_t p = ++sc->adsr_cnt[note] - sc->adsr.off[0];
		if (p == sc->adsr.tme[1]) {
			sc->adsr_amp[note] = sc->adsr.vol[1];
			return sc->adsr.vol[1];
		} else {
			const float d = sc->adsr.vol[1] - sc->adsr_amp[note];
			return sc->adsr_amp[note] + (p / (float)sc->adsr.tme[1]) * d;
		}
	} else if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] == sc->adsr.off[1]) {
		// sustain
		return sc->adsr.vol[1];
	} else if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] < sc->adsr.off[2]) {
		// release
		const uint32_t p = ++sc->adsr_cnt[note] - sc->adsr.off[1];
		if (p == sc->adsr.tme[2]) {
			sc->adsr_amp[note] = 0;
			return 0;
		} else {
			const float d = 0 - sc->adsr_amp[note];
			return sc->adsr_amp[note] + (p / (float)sc->adsr.tme[2]) * d;
		}
	} else {
		sc->adsr_cnt[note] = 0;
		return 0;
	}
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/* piano like sound w/slight stereo phase */
static void
synthesize_sineP (RSSynthChannel* sc,
                  const uint8_t note, const float vol, float fq,
                  const size_t n_samples, float* left, float* right)
{
	size_t i;
	float  phase = sc->phase[note];

	if (sc->pitch_bend != 1) {
		fq *= sc->pitch_bend;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n_samples; ++i) {
		float env = adsr_env (sc, note);
		if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] == 0) {
			break;
		}
		const float amp = vol * env;
		if (amp > 1e-10) {
			left[i]  +=        amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase);
			left[i]  += .300 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 2.0);
			left[i]  += .150 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 3.0);
			left[i]  += .080 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 4.0);
			//left[i] -= .007 * amp * sinf(2.0 * M_PI * phase * 5.0);
			//left[i] += .010 * amp * sinf(2.0 * M_PI * phase * 6.0);
			left[i]  += .020 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 7.0);
			phase += fq;
			right[i] +=        amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase);
			right[i] += .300 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 2.0);
			right[i] += .150 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 3.0);
			right[i] -= .080 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 4.0);
			//right[i] += .007 * amp * sinf(2.0 * M_PI * phase * 5.0);
			//right[i] += .010 * amp * sinf(2.0 * M_PI * phase * 6.0);
			right[i] -= .020 * amp * sinf (2.0 * M_PI * phase * 7.0);
		} else {
			phase += fq;
		}
		if (phase > 1.0)
			phase -= 2.0;
	}
	sc->phase[note] = phase;
}

static const ADSRcfg piano_adsr = { { 5, 800, 100 }, { 1.0, 0.0 }, { 0, 0, 0 } };

/*****************************************************************************/

/* process note - move through ADSR states, count active keys,.. */
static void
process_key (void*         synth,
             const uint8_t chn, const uint8_t note,
             const size_t n_samples,
             float* left, float* right)
{
	RSSynthesizer*  rs    = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;
	RSSynthChannel* sc    = &rs->sc[chn];
	const int8_t    vel   = sc->miditable[note];
	const int8_t    msg   = sc->midimsgs[note];
	const float     vol   = /* master_volume */ 0.1f * abs (vel) / 127.f;
	const float     phase = sc->phase[note];
	const int8_t    sus   = sc->sustain;
	sc->midimsgs[note] &= ~3;

	if (phase == -10 && vel > 0) {
		// new note on
		sc->midimsgs[note] &= ~4;
		assert (sc->adsr_cnt[note] == 0);
		sc->adsr_amp[note] = 0;
		sc->adsr_cnt[note] = 0;
		sc->phase[note]    = 0;
		sc->keycomp++;
		//printf("[On] Now %d keys active on chn %d\n", sc->keycomp, chn);
	} else if (phase >= -1.0 && phase <= 1.0 && vel > 0) {
		// sustain note or re-start note while adsr in progress:
		if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] > sc->adsr.off[1] || msg == 3 || msg == 5 || msg == 7) {
			sc->midimsgs[note] &= ~4;
			// x-fade to attack
			sc->adsr_amp[note] = adsr_env (sc, note);
			sc->adsr_cnt[note] = 0;
		}
	} else if (phase >= -1.0 && phase <= 1.0 && vel < 0) {
		sc->midimsgs[note] |= 4;
		// note off
		if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] <= sc->adsr.off[1] && !sus) {
			if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] != sc->adsr.off[1]) {
				// x-fade to release
				sc->adsr_amp[note] = adsr_env (sc, note);
			}
			sc->adsr_cnt[note] = sc->adsr.off[1] + 1;
		} else if (sus && sc->adsr_cnt[note] == sc->adsr.off[1]) {
			sc->adsr_cnt[note] = sc->adsr.off[1] + 1;
		}
	} else {
		//printf("FORCE NOTE OFF: %d %d\n", vel, sus);
		/* note-on + off in same cycle */
		sc->miditable[note] = 0;
		sc->adsr_cnt[note]  = 0;
		sc->phase[note]     = -10;
		return;
	}
	//printf("NOTE: %d (%d %d %d)\n", sc->adsr_cnt[note], sc->adsr.off[0], sc->adsr.off[1], sc->adsr.off[2]);

	// synthesize actual sound
	sc->synthesize (sc, note, vol, rs->freqs[note], n_samples, left, right);

	if (sc->adsr_cnt[note] == 0) {
		//printf("Note %d,%d released\n", chn, note);
		sc->midimsgs[note]  = 0;
		sc->miditable[note] = 0;
		sc->adsr_amp[note]  = 0;
		sc->phase[note]     = -10;
		sc->keycomp--;
		//printf("[off] Now %d keys active on chn %d\n", sc->keycomp, chn);
	}
}

/* synthesize a BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES's of audio-data */
static void
synth_fragment (void* synth, const size_t n_samples, float* left, float* right)
{
	RSSynthesizer* rs = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;
	memset (left, 0, n_samples * sizeof (float));
	memset (right, 0, n_samples * sizeof (float));
	uint8_t keycomp = 0;
	int     c, k;
	size_t  i;

	for (c = 0; c < 16; ++c) {
		for (k = 0; k < 128; ++k) {
			if (rs->sc[c].miditable[k] == 0) {
				continue;
			}
			process_key (synth, c, k, n_samples, left, right);
		}
		keycomp += rs->sc[c].keycomp;
	}

#if 1 // key-compression
	float kctgt = 8.0 / (float)(keycomp + 7.0);
	if (kctgt < .5) kctgt  = .5;
	if (kctgt > 1.0) kctgt = 1.0;

	const float _w = rs->kcfilt;
	for (i = 0; i < n_samples; ++i) {
		rs->kcgain += _w * (kctgt - rs->kcgain);
		left[i]  *= rs->kcgain;
		right[i] *= rs->kcgain;
	}
	rs->kcgain += 1e-12;
#endif
}

static void
synth_reset_channel (RSSynthChannel* sc)
{
	int k;
	for (k = 0; k < 128; ++k) {
		sc->adsr_cnt[k]  = 0;
		sc->adsr_amp[k]  = 0;
		sc->phase[k]     = -10;
		sc->miditable[k] = 0;
		sc->midimsgs[k]  = 0;
	}
	sc->keycomp    = 0;
	sc->pitch_bend = 1.0;
}

static void
synth_reset (void* synth)
{
	RSSynthesizer* rs = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;
	int            c;
	for (c = 0; c < 16; ++c) {
		synth_reset_channel (&(rs->sc[c]));
	}
	rs->kcgain = 0;
}

static void
synth_load (RSSynthChannel* sc, const double rate,
            SynthFunction        synthesize,
            ADSRcfg const* const adsr)
{
	synth_reset_channel (sc);
	init_adsr (&sc->adsr, rate,
	           adsr->tme[0], adsr->tme[1], adsr->tme[2],
	           adsr->vol[0], adsr->vol[1]);
	sc->synthesize = synthesize;
}

/**
 * internal abstraction of MIDI data handling
 */
static void
synth_process_midi_event (void* synth, struct rmidi_event_t* ev)
{
	RSSynthesizer* rs = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;
	switch (ev->type) {
		case NOTE_ON:
			rs->sc[ev->channel].midimsgs[ev->d.tone.note] |= 1;
			if (rs->sc[ev->channel].miditable[ev->d.tone.note] <= 0)
				rs->sc[ev->channel].miditable[ev->d.tone.note] = ev->d.tone.velocity;
			break;
		case NOTE_OFF:
			rs->sc[ev->channel].midimsgs[ev->d.tone.note] |= 2;
			if (rs->sc[ev->channel].miditable[ev->d.tone.note] > 0)
				rs->sc[ev->channel].miditable[ev->d.tone.note] *= -1.0;
			break;
		case PROGRAM_CHANGE:
			break;
		case CONTROL_CHANGE:
			if (ev->d.control.param == 0x00 || ev->d.control.param == 0x20) {
				/*  0x00 and 0x20 are used for BANK select */
			} else if (ev->d.control.param == 64) {
				/* damper pedal*/
				rs->sc[ev->channel].sustain = ev->d.control.value < 64 ? 0 : 1;
			} else if (ev->d.control.param == 121) {
				/* reset all controllers */
			} else if (ev->d.control.param == 120 || ev->d.control.param == 123) {
				/* Midi panic: 120: all sound off, 123: all notes off*/
				synth_reset_channel (&(rs->sc[ev->channel]));
			} else if (ev->d.control.param >= 120) {
				/* params 122-127 are reserved - skip them. */
			}
			break;
		case PITCH_BEND:
			{
				float st = ((((int)ev->d.bend.hi << 7) | ev->d.bend.lo) - 8192) / 4096.0; // +/- 2 semitones
				rs->sc[ev->channel].pitch_bend = powf (2, st / 12.0);
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
}

/******************************************************************************
 * PUBLIC API (used by lv2.c)
 */

/**
 * align LV2 and internal synth buffers
 * call synth_fragment as often as needed for the given LV2 buffer size
 *
 * @param synth synth-handle
 * @param written samples written so far (offset in \ref out)
 * @param nframes total samples to synthesize and write to the \out buffer
 * @param out pointer to stereo output buffers
 * @return end of buffer (written + nframes)
 */
static uint32_t
synth_sound (void* synth, uint32_t written, const uint32_t nframes, float** out)
{
	RSSynthesizer* rs = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;

	while (written < nframes) {
		uint32_t nremain = nframes - written;

		if (rs->boffset >= BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES) {
			const uint32_t tosynth = MIN (BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES, nremain);
			rs->boffset            = BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES - tosynth;
			synth_fragment (rs, tosynth, &(rs->buf[0][rs->boffset]), &(rs->buf[1][rs->boffset]));
		}

		uint32_t nread = MIN (nremain, (BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES - rs->boffset));

		memcpy (&out[0][written], &rs->buf[0][rs->boffset], nread * sizeof (float));
		memcpy (&out[1][written], &rs->buf[1][rs->boffset], nread * sizeof (float));

		written += nread;
		rs->boffset += nread;
	}
	return written;
}

/**
 * parse raw midi-data.
 *
 * @param synth synth-handle
 * @param data 8bit midi message
 * @param size number of bytes in the midi-message
 */
static void
synth_parse_midi (void* synth, const uint8_t* data, const size_t size)
{
	if (size < 2 || size > 3)
		return;
	// All messages need to be 3 bytes; except program-changes: 2bytes.
	if (size == 2 && (data[0] & 0xf0) != 0xC0)
		return;

	struct rmidi_event_t ev;

	ev.channel = data[0] & 0x0f;
	switch (data[0] & 0xf0) {
		case 0x80:
			ev.type            = NOTE_OFF;
			ev.d.tone.note     = data[1] & 0x7f;
			ev.d.tone.velocity = data[2] & 0x7f;
			break;
		case 0x90:
			ev.type            = NOTE_ON;
			ev.d.tone.note     = data[1] & 0x7f;
			ev.d.tone.velocity = data[2] & 0x7f;
			if (ev.d.tone.velocity == 0) {
				ev.type = NOTE_OFF;
			}
			break;
		case 0xB0:
			ev.type            = CONTROL_CHANGE;
			ev.d.control.param = data[1] & 0x7f;
			ev.d.control.value = data[2] & 0x7f;
			break;
		case 0xC0:
			ev.type            = PROGRAM_CHANGE;
			ev.d.control.value = data[1] & 0x7f;
			break;
		case 0xE0:
			ev.type            = PITCH_BEND;
			ev.d.bend.lo = data[1] & 0x7f;
			ev.d.bend.hi = data[2] & 0x7f;
			break;
		default:
			return;
	}
	synth_process_midi_event (synth, &ev);
}

static const uint8_t jingle[] = { 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 74, 67, 69, 71, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 69, 69, 71, 69, 74, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 74, 67, 69, 71, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 71, 71, 71, 71, 74, 74, 72, 69, 67, 62, 62, 71, 69, 67, 62, 62, 62, 62, 71, 69, 67, 64, 64, 64, 72, 71, 69, 66, 74, 76, 74, 72, 69, 71, 62, 62, 71, 69, 67, 62, 62, 62, 62, 71, 69, 67, 64, 64, 64, 72, 71, 69, 74, 74, 74, 74, 76, 74, 72, 69, 67, 74, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 74, 67, 69, 71, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 69, 69, 71, 69, 74, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 74, 67, 69, 71, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 71, 71, 71, 71, 74, 74, 72, 69, 67 };

static void
synth_parse_xmas (void* synth, const uint8_t* data, const size_t size)
{
	RSSynthesizer* rs = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;
	if (size < 2 || size > 3)
		return;
	// All messages need to be 3 bytes; except program-changes: 2bytes.
	if (size == 2 && (data[0] & 0xf0) != 0xC0)
		return;

	struct rmidi_event_t ev;

	ev.channel = data[0] & 0x0f;
	switch (data[0] & 0xf0) {
		case 0x80:
			ev.type            = NOTE_OFF;
			ev.d.tone.note     = jingle[rs->xmas_off++];
			ev.d.tone.velocity = data[2] & 0x7f;
			if (rs->xmas_off >= sizeof (jingle))
				rs->xmas_off = 0;
			break;
		case 0x90:
			ev.type            = NOTE_ON;
			ev.d.tone.note     = jingle[rs->xmas_on++];
			ev.d.tone.velocity = data[2] & 0x7f;
			if (rs->xmas_on >= sizeof (jingle))
				rs->xmas_on = 0;
			break;
		case 0xB0:
			ev.type            = CONTROL_CHANGE;
			ev.d.control.param = data[1] & 0x7f;
			ev.d.control.value = data[2] & 0x7f;
			break;
		case 0xC0:
			ev.type            = PROGRAM_CHANGE;
			ev.d.control.value = data[1] & 0x7f;
			break;
		default:
			return;
	}
	synth_process_midi_event (synth, &ev);
}
/**
 * initialize the synth
 * This should be called after synth_alloc()
 * as soon as the sample-rate is known
 *
 * @param synth synth-handle
 * @param rate sample-rate
 */
static void
synth_init (void* synth, double rate)
{
	RSSynthesizer* rs  = (RSSynthesizer*)synth;
	rs->rate           = rate;
	rs->boffset        = BUFFER_SIZE_SAMPLES;
	const float tuning = 440;
	int         c, k;
	for (k = 0; k < 128; k++) {
		rs->freqs[k] = (tuning / 32.0f) * powf (2, (k - 9.0) / 12.0) / rate;
		assert (rs->freqs[k] < M_PI / 2); // otherwise spatialization may phase out..
	}
	rs->kcfilt = 12.0 / rate;
	synth_reset (synth);

	for (c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
		synth_load (&rs->sc[c], rate, &synthesize_sineP, &piano_adsr);
	}
	rs->xmas_on  = 0;
	rs->xmas_off = 0;
}

/**
 * Allocate data-structure, create a handle for all other synth_* functions.
 *
 * This data should be freeded with \ref synth_free when the synth is no
 * longer needed.
 *
 * The synth can only be used after calling \rev synth_init as well.
 *
 * @return synth-handle
 */
static void*
synth_alloc (void)
{
	return calloc (1, sizeof (RSSynthesizer));
}

/**
 * release synth data structure
 * @param synth synth-handle
 */
static void
synth_free (void* synth)
{
	free (synth);
}
