#include <../src/snes/impls/vi/rs/virsimpl.h> /*I "petscsnes.h" I*/
#include <petsc/private/dmimpl.h>
#include <petsc/private/vecimpl.h>

/*@
  SNESVIGetInactiveSet - Gets the global indices for the inactive set variables (these correspond to the degrees of freedom the linear
  system is solved on)

  Input Parameter:
. snes - the `SNES` context

  Output Parameter:
. inact - inactive set index set

  Level: advanced

.seealso: [](ch_snes), `SNES`, `SNESVINEWTONRSLS`
@*/
PetscErrorCode SNESVIGetInactiveSet(SNES snes, IS *inact)
{
  SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *vi = (SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *)snes->data;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  *inact = vi->IS_inact;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
    Provides a wrapper to a DM to allow it to be used to generated the interpolation/restriction from the DM for the smaller matrices and vectors
  defined by the reduced space method.

    Simple calls the regular DM interpolation and restricts it to operation on the variables not associated with active constraints.
*/
typedef struct {
  PetscInt n; /* size of vectors in the reduced DM space */
  IS       inactive;

  PetscErrorCode (*createinterpolation)(DM, DM, Mat *, Vec *); /* DM's original routines */
  PetscErrorCode (*coarsen)(DM, MPI_Comm, DM *);
  PetscErrorCode (*createglobalvector)(DM, Vec *);
  PetscErrorCode (*createinjection)(DM, DM, Mat *);
  PetscErrorCode (*hascreateinjection)(DM, PetscBool *);

  DM dm; /* when destroying this object we need to reset the above function into the base DM */
} DM_SNESVI;

/*
     DMCreateGlobalVector_SNESVI - Creates global vector of the size of the reduced space
*/
static PetscErrorCode DMCreateGlobalVector_SNESVI(DM dm, Vec *vec)
{
  PetscContainer isnes;
  DM_SNESVI     *dmsnesvi;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)dm, "VI", (PetscObject *)&isnes));
  PetscCheck(isnes, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Composed SNES is missing");
  PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(isnes, (void **)&dmsnesvi));
  PetscCall(VecCreateMPI(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm), dmsnesvi->n, PETSC_DETERMINE, vec));
  PetscCall(VecSetDM(*vec, dm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
     DMCreateInterpolation_SNESVI - Modifieds the interpolation obtained from the DM by removing all rows and columns associated with active constraints.
*/
static PetscErrorCode DMCreateInterpolation_SNESVI(DM dm1, DM dm2, Mat *mat, Vec *vec)
{
  PetscContainer isnes;
  DM_SNESVI     *dmsnesvi1, *dmsnesvi2;
  Mat            interp;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)dm1, "VI", (PetscObject *)&isnes));
  PetscCheck(isnes, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm1), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Composed VI data structure is missing");
  PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(isnes, (void **)&dmsnesvi1));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)dm2, "VI", (PetscObject *)&isnes));
  PetscCheck(isnes, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm2), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Composed VI data structure is missing");
  PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(isnes, (void **)&dmsnesvi2));

  PetscCall((*dmsnesvi1->createinterpolation)(dm1, dm2, &interp, NULL));
  PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrix(interp, dmsnesvi2->inactive, dmsnesvi1->inactive, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, mat));
  PetscCall(MatDestroy(&interp));
  *vec = NULL;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
     DMCoarsen_SNESVI - Computes the regular coarsened DM then computes additional information about its inactive set
*/
static PetscErrorCode DMCoarsen_SNESVI(DM dm1, MPI_Comm comm, DM *dm2)
{
  PetscContainer  isnes;
  DM_SNESVI      *dmsnesvi1;
  Vec             finemarked, coarsemarked;
  IS              inactive;
  Mat             inject;
  const PetscInt *index;
  PetscInt        n, k, cnt = 0, rstart, *coarseindex;
  PetscScalar    *marked;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)dm1, "VI", (PetscObject *)&isnes));
  PetscCheck(isnes, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm1), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Composed VI data structure is missing");
  PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(isnes, (void **)&dmsnesvi1));

  /* get the original coarsen */
  PetscCall((*dmsnesvi1->coarsen)(dm1, comm, dm2));

  /* not sure why this extra reference is needed, but without the dm2 disappears too early */
  /* Updating the KSPCreateVecs() to avoid using DMGetGlobalVector() when matrix is available removes the need for this reference? */
  /*  PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)*dm2));*/

  /* need to set back global vectors in order to use the original injection */
  PetscCall(DMClearGlobalVectors(dm1));

  dm1->ops->createglobalvector = dmsnesvi1->createglobalvector;

  PetscCall(DMCreateGlobalVector(dm1, &finemarked));
  PetscCall(DMCreateGlobalVector(*dm2, &coarsemarked));

  /*
     fill finemarked with locations of inactive points
  */
  PetscCall(ISGetIndices(dmsnesvi1->inactive, &index));
  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(dmsnesvi1->inactive, &n));
  PetscCall(VecSet(finemarked, 0.0));
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++) PetscCall(VecSetValue(finemarked, index[k], 1.0, INSERT_VALUES));
  PetscCall(VecAssemblyBegin(finemarked));
  PetscCall(VecAssemblyEnd(finemarked));

  PetscCall(DMCreateInjection(*dm2, dm1, &inject));
  PetscCall(MatRestrict(inject, finemarked, coarsemarked));
  PetscCall(MatDestroy(&inject));

  /*
     create index set list of coarse inactive points from coarsemarked
  */
  PetscCall(VecGetLocalSize(coarsemarked, &n));
  PetscCall(VecGetOwnershipRange(coarsemarked, &rstart, NULL));
  PetscCall(VecGetArray(coarsemarked, &marked));
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
    if (marked[k] != 0.0) cnt++;
  }
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(cnt, &coarseindex));
  cnt = 0;
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
    if (marked[k] != 0.0) coarseindex[cnt++] = k + rstart;
  }
  PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(coarsemarked, &marked));
  PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)coarsemarked), cnt, coarseindex, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, &inactive));

  PetscCall(DMClearGlobalVectors(dm1));

  dm1->ops->createglobalvector = DMCreateGlobalVector_SNESVI;

  PetscCall(DMSetVI(*dm2, inactive));

  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&finemarked));
  PetscCall(VecDestroy(&coarsemarked));
  PetscCall(ISDestroy(&inactive));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

static PetscErrorCode DMDestroy_SNESVI(void *ctx)
{
  DM_SNESVI *dmsnesvi = (DM_SNESVI *)ctx;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  /* reset the base methods in the DM object that were changed when the DM_SNESVI was reset */
  dmsnesvi->dm->ops->createinterpolation = dmsnesvi->createinterpolation;
  dmsnesvi->dm->ops->coarsen             = dmsnesvi->coarsen;
  dmsnesvi->dm->ops->createglobalvector  = dmsnesvi->createglobalvector;
  dmsnesvi->dm->ops->createinjection     = dmsnesvi->createinjection;
  dmsnesvi->dm->ops->hascreateinjection  = dmsnesvi->hascreateinjection;
  /* need to clear out this vectors because some of them may not have a reference to the DM
    but they are counted as having references to the DM in DMDestroy() */
  PetscCall(DMClearGlobalVectors(dmsnesvi->dm));

  PetscCall(ISDestroy(&dmsnesvi->inactive));
  PetscCall(PetscFree(dmsnesvi));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  DMSetVI - Marks a `DM` as associated with a VI problem. This causes the interpolation/restriction operators to
  be restricted to only those variables NOT associated with active constraints.

  Logically Collective

  Input Parameters:
+ dm       - the `DM` object
- inactive - an `IS` indicating which points are currently not active

  Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](ch_snes), `SNES`, `SNESVINEWTONRSLS`, `SNESVIGetInactiveSet()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode DMSetVI(DM dm, IS inactive)
{
  PetscContainer isnes;
  DM_SNESVI     *dmsnesvi;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!dm) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);

  PetscCall(PetscObjectReference((PetscObject)inactive));

  PetscCall(PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)dm, "VI", (PetscObject *)&isnes));
  if (!isnes) {
    PetscCall(PetscNew(&dmsnesvi));
    PetscCall(PetscObjectContainerCompose((PetscObject)dm, "VI", dmsnesvi, DMDestroy_SNESVI));

    dmsnesvi->createinterpolation = dm->ops->createinterpolation;
    dm->ops->createinterpolation  = DMCreateInterpolation_SNESVI;
    dmsnesvi->coarsen             = dm->ops->coarsen;
    dm->ops->coarsen              = DMCoarsen_SNESVI;
    dmsnesvi->createglobalvector  = dm->ops->createglobalvector;
    dm->ops->createglobalvector   = DMCreateGlobalVector_SNESVI;
    dmsnesvi->createinjection     = dm->ops->createinjection;
    dm->ops->createinjection      = NULL;
    dmsnesvi->hascreateinjection  = dm->ops->hascreateinjection;
    dm->ops->hascreateinjection   = NULL;
  } else {
    PetscCall(PetscContainerGetPointer(isnes, (void **)&dmsnesvi));
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&dmsnesvi->inactive));
  }
  PetscCall(DMClearGlobalVectors(dm));
  PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(inactive, &dmsnesvi->n));

  dmsnesvi->inactive = inactive;
  dmsnesvi->dm       = dm;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*
     DMDestroyVI - Frees the DM_SNESVI object contained in the DM
         - also resets the function pointers in the DM for createinterpolation() etc to use the original DM
*/
PetscErrorCode DMDestroyVI(DM dm)
{
  PetscFunctionBegin;
  if (!dm) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)dm, "VI", (PetscObject)NULL));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/* Create active and inactive set vectors. The local size of this vector is set and petsc computes the global size */
static PetscErrorCode SNESCreateSubVectors_VINEWTONRSLS(SNES snes, PetscInt n, Vec *newv)
{
  Vec v;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(VecCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)snes), &v));
  PetscCall(VecSetSizes(v, n, PETSC_DECIDE));
  PetscCall(VecSetType(v, VECSTANDARD));
  *newv = v;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/* Resets the snes PC and KSP when the active set sizes change */
static PetscErrorCode SNESVIResetPCandKSP(SNES snes, Mat Amat, Mat Pmat)
{
  KSP snesksp;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(SNESGetKSP(snes, &snesksp));
  PetscCall(KSPReset(snesksp));
  PetscCall(KSPResetFromOptions(snesksp));

  /*
  KSP                    kspnew;
  PC                     pcnew;
  MatSolverType          stype;

  PetscCall(KSPCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)snes),&kspnew));
  kspnew->pc_side = snesksp->pc_side;
  kspnew->rtol    = snesksp->rtol;
  kspnew->abstol    = snesksp->abstol;
  kspnew->max_it  = snesksp->max_it;
  PetscCall(KSPSetType(kspnew,((PetscObject)snesksp)->type_name));
  PetscCall(KSPGetPC(kspnew,&pcnew));
  PetscCall(PCSetType(kspnew->pc,((PetscObject)snesksp->pc)->type_name));
  PetscCall(PCSetOperators(kspnew->pc,Amat,Pmat));
  PetscCall(PCFactorGetMatSolverType(snesksp->pc,&stype));
  PetscCall(PCFactorSetMatSolverType(kspnew->pc,stype));
  PetscCall(KSPDestroy(&snesksp));
  snes->ksp = kspnew;
   PetscCall(KSPSetFromOptions(kspnew));*/
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/* Variational Inequality solver using reduce space method. No semismooth algorithm is
   implemented in this algorithm. It basically identifies the active constraints and does
   a linear solve on the other variables (those not associated with the active constraints). */
static PetscErrorCode SNESSolve_VINEWTONRSLS(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_VINEWTONRSLS   *vi = (SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *)snes->data;
  PetscInt             maxits, i, lits;
  SNESLineSearchReason lssucceed;
  PetscReal            fnorm, gnorm, xnorm = 0, ynorm;
  Vec                  Y, X, F;
  KSPConvergedReason   kspreason;
  KSP                  ksp;
  PC                   pc;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  /* Multigrid must use Galerkin for coarse grids with active set/reduced space methods; cannot rediscretize on coarser grids*/
  PetscCall(SNESGetKSP(snes, &ksp));
  PetscCall(KSPGetPC(ksp, &pc));
  PetscCall(PCMGSetGalerkin(pc, PC_MG_GALERKIN_BOTH));

  snes->numFailures            = 0;
  snes->numLinearSolveFailures = 0;
  snes->reason                 = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;

  maxits = snes->max_its;  /* maximum number of iterations */
  X      = snes->vec_sol;  /* solution vector */
  F      = snes->vec_func; /* residual vector */
  Y      = snes->work[0];  /* work vectors */

  PetscCall(SNESLineSearchSetVIFunctions(snes->linesearch, SNESVIProjectOntoBounds, SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm));
  PetscCall(SNESLineSearchSetVecs(snes->linesearch, X, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));
  PetscCall(SNESLineSearchSetUp(snes->linesearch));

  PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsTakeAccess((PetscObject)snes));
  snes->iter = 0;
  snes->norm = 0.0;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsGrantAccess((PetscObject)snes));

  PetscCall(SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes, X));
  PetscCall(SNESComputeFunction(snes, X, F));
  PetscCall(SNESVIComputeInactiveSetFnorm(snes, F, X, &fnorm));
  PetscCall(VecNorm(X, NORM_2, &xnorm)); /* xnorm <- ||x||  */
  SNESCheckFunctionNorm(snes, fnorm);
  PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsTakeAccess((PetscObject)snes));
  snes->norm = fnorm;
  PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsGrantAccess((PetscObject)snes));
  PetscCall(SNESLogConvergenceHistory(snes, fnorm, 0));

  /* test convergence */
  PetscCall(SNESConverged(snes, 0, 0.0, 0.0, fnorm));
  PetscCall(SNESMonitor(snes, 0, fnorm));
  if (snes->reason) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);

  for (i = 0; i < maxits; i++) {
    IS         IS_act;    /* _act -> active set _inact -> inactive set */
    IS         IS_redact; /* redundant active set */
    VecScatter scat_act, scat_inact;
    PetscInt   nis_act, nis_inact;
    Vec        Y_act, Y_inact, F_inact;
    Mat        jac_inact_inact, prejac_inact_inact;
    PetscBool  isequal;

    /* Call general purpose update function */
    PetscTryTypeMethod(snes, update, snes->iter);
    PetscCall(SNESComputeJacobian(snes, X, snes->jacobian, snes->jacobian_pre));
    SNESCheckJacobianDomainerror(snes);

    /* Create active and inactive index sets */

    /*original
    PetscCall(SNESVICreateIndexSets_RS(snes,X,F,&IS_act,&vi->IS_inact));
     */
    PetscCall(SNESVIGetActiveSetIS(snes, X, F, &IS_act));

    if (vi->checkredundancy) {
      PetscCall((*vi->checkredundancy)(snes, IS_act, &IS_redact, vi->ctxP));
      if (IS_redact) {
        PetscCall(ISSort(IS_redact));
        PetscCall(ISComplement(IS_redact, X->map->rstart, X->map->rend, &vi->IS_inact));
        PetscCall(ISDestroy(&IS_redact));
      } else {
        PetscCall(ISComplement(IS_act, X->map->rstart, X->map->rend, &vi->IS_inact));
      }
    } else {
      PetscCall(ISComplement(IS_act, X->map->rstart, X->map->rend, &vi->IS_inact));
    }

    /* Create inactive set submatrix */
    PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrix(snes->jacobian, vi->IS_inact, vi->IS_inact, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &jac_inact_inact));

    if (0) { /* Dead code (temporary developer hack) */
      IS keptrows;
      PetscCall(MatFindNonzeroRows(jac_inact_inact, &keptrows));
      if (keptrows) {
        PetscInt        cnt, *nrows, k;
        const PetscInt *krows, *inact;
        PetscInt        rstart;

        PetscCall(MatGetOwnershipRange(jac_inact_inact, &rstart, NULL));
        PetscCall(MatDestroy(&jac_inact_inact));
        PetscCall(ISDestroy(&IS_act));

        PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(keptrows, &cnt));
        PetscCall(ISGetIndices(keptrows, &krows));
        PetscCall(ISGetIndices(vi->IS_inact, &inact));
        PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(cnt, &nrows));
        for (k = 0; k < cnt; k++) nrows[k] = inact[krows[k] - rstart];
        PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(keptrows, &krows));
        PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(vi->IS_inact, &inact));
        PetscCall(ISDestroy(&keptrows));
        PetscCall(ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact));

        PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)snes), cnt, nrows, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, &vi->IS_inact));
        PetscCall(ISComplement(vi->IS_inact, F->map->rstart, F->map->rend, &IS_act));
        PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrix(snes->jacobian, vi->IS_inact, vi->IS_inact, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &jac_inact_inact));
      }
    }
    PetscCall(DMSetVI(snes->dm, vi->IS_inact));
    /* remove later */

    /*
    PetscCall(VecView(vi->xu,PETSC_VIEWER_BINARY_(((PetscObject)vi->xu)->comm)));
    PetscCall(VecView(vi->xl,PETSC_VIEWER_BINARY_(((PetscObject)vi->xl)->comm)));
    PetscCall(VecView(X,PETSC_VIEWER_BINARY_(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)X))));
    PetscCall(VecView(F,PETSC_VIEWER_BINARY_(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)F))));
    PetscCall(ISView(vi->IS_inact,PETSC_VIEWER_BINARY_(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)vi->IS_inact))));
     */

    /* Get sizes of active and inactive sets */
    PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(IS_act, &nis_act));
    PetscCall(ISGetLocalSize(vi->IS_inact, &nis_inact));

    /* Create active and inactive set vectors */
    PetscCall(SNESCreateSubVectors_VINEWTONRSLS(snes, nis_inact, &F_inact));
    PetscCall(SNESCreateSubVectors_VINEWTONRSLS(snes, nis_act, &Y_act));
    PetscCall(SNESCreateSubVectors_VINEWTONRSLS(snes, nis_inact, &Y_inact));

    /* Create scatter contexts */
    PetscCall(VecScatterCreate(Y, IS_act, Y_act, NULL, &scat_act));
    PetscCall(VecScatterCreate(Y, vi->IS_inact, Y_inact, NULL, &scat_inact));

    /* Do a vec scatter to active and inactive set vectors */
    PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(scat_inact, F, F_inact, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));
    PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(scat_inact, F, F_inact, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));

    PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(scat_act, Y, Y_act, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));
    PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(scat_act, Y, Y_act, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));

    PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(scat_inact, Y, Y_inact, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));
    PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(scat_inact, Y, Y_inact, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));

    /* Active set direction = 0 */
    PetscCall(VecSet(Y_act, 0));
    if (snes->jacobian != snes->jacobian_pre) {
      PetscCall(MatCreateSubMatrix(snes->jacobian_pre, vi->IS_inact, vi->IS_inact, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, &prejac_inact_inact));
    } else prejac_inact_inact = jac_inact_inact;

    PetscCall(ISEqual(vi->IS_inact_prev, vi->IS_inact, &isequal));
    if (!isequal) {
      PetscCall(SNESVIResetPCandKSP(snes, jac_inact_inact, prejac_inact_inact));
      PetscCall(PCFieldSplitRestrictIS(pc, vi->IS_inact));
    }

    /*      PetscCall(ISView(vi->IS_inact,0)); */
    /*      PetscCall(ISView(IS_act,0));*/
    /*      ierr = MatView(snes->jacobian_pre,0); */

    PetscCall(KSPSetOperators(snes->ksp, jac_inact_inact, prejac_inact_inact));
    PetscCall(KSPSetUp(snes->ksp));
    {
      PC        pc;
      PetscBool flg;
      PetscCall(KSPGetPC(snes->ksp, &pc));
      PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)pc, PCFIELDSPLIT, &flg));
      if (flg) {
        KSP *subksps;
        PetscCall(PCFieldSplitGetSubKSP(pc, NULL, &subksps));
        PetscCall(KSPGetPC(subksps[0], &pc));
        PetscCall(PetscFree(subksps));
        PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)pc, PCBJACOBI, &flg));
        if (flg) {
          PetscInt        n, N = 101 * 101, j, cnts[3] = {0, 0, 0};
          const PetscInt *ii;

          PetscCall(ISGetSize(vi->IS_inact, &n));
          PetscCall(ISGetIndices(vi->IS_inact, &ii));
          for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if (ii[j] < N) cnts[0]++;
            else if (ii[j] < 2 * N) cnts[1]++;
            else if (ii[j] < 3 * N) cnts[2]++;
          }
          PetscCall(ISRestoreIndices(vi->IS_inact, &ii));

          PetscCall(PCBJacobiSetTotalBlocks(pc, 3, cnts));
        }
      }
    }

    PetscCall(KSPSolve(snes->ksp, F_inact, Y_inact));
    PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(scat_act, Y_act, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_REVERSE));
    PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(scat_act, Y_act, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_REVERSE));
    PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(scat_inact, Y_inact, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_REVERSE));
    PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(scat_inact, Y_inact, Y, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_REVERSE));

    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&F_inact));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&Y_act));
    PetscCall(VecDestroy(&Y_inact));
    PetscCall(VecScatterDestroy(&scat_act));
    PetscCall(VecScatterDestroy(&scat_inact));
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&IS_act));
    if (!isequal) {
      PetscCall(ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact_prev));
      PetscCall(ISDuplicate(vi->IS_inact, &vi->IS_inact_prev));
    }
    PetscCall(ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact));
    PetscCall(MatDestroy(&jac_inact_inact));
    if (snes->jacobian != snes->jacobian_pre) PetscCall(MatDestroy(&prejac_inact_inact));

    PetscCall(KSPGetConvergedReason(snes->ksp, &kspreason));
    if (kspreason < 0) {
      if (++snes->numLinearSolveFailures >= snes->maxLinearSolveFailures) {
        PetscCall(PetscInfo(snes, "iter=%" PetscInt_FMT ", number linear solve failures %" PetscInt_FMT " greater than current SNES allowed, stopping solve\n", snes->iter, snes->numLinearSolveFailures));
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINEAR_SOLVE;
        break;
      }
    }

    PetscCall(KSPGetIterationNumber(snes->ksp, &lits));
    snes->linear_its += lits;
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(snes, "iter=%" PetscInt_FMT ", linear solve iterations=%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", snes->iter, lits));
    /*
    if (snes->ops->precheck) {
      PetscBool changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
      PetscUseTypeMethod(snes,precheck ,X,Y,snes->precheck,&changed_y);
    }

    if (PetscLogPrintInfo) PetscCall(SNESVICheckResidual_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,F,Y,G,W));
    */
    /* Compute a (scaled) negative update in the line search routine:
         Y <- X - lambda*Y
       and evaluate G = function(Y) (depends on the line search).
    */
    PetscCall(VecCopy(Y, snes->vec_sol_update));
    ynorm = 1;
    gnorm = fnorm;
    PetscCall(SNESLineSearchApply(snes->linesearch, X, F, &gnorm, Y));
    PetscCall(SNESLineSearchGetReason(snes->linesearch, &lssucceed));
    PetscCall(SNESLineSearchGetNorms(snes->linesearch, &xnorm, &gnorm, &ynorm));
    PetscCall(PetscInfo(snes, "fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lssucceed=%d\n", (double)fnorm, (double)gnorm, (double)ynorm, (int)lssucceed));
    if (snes->reason == SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT) break;
    if (snes->domainerror) {
      snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
      PetscCall(DMDestroyVI(snes->dm));
      PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    }
    if (lssucceed) {
      if (++snes->numFailures >= snes->maxFailures) {
        PetscBool ismin;
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINE_SEARCH;
        PetscCall(SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private(snes, snes->jacobian, F, X, gnorm, &ismin));
        if (ismin) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LOCAL_MIN;
        break;
      }
    }
    PetscCall(DMDestroyVI(snes->dm));
    /* Update function and solution vectors */
    fnorm = gnorm;
    /* Monitor convergence */
    PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsTakeAccess((PetscObject)snes));
    snes->iter  = i + 1;
    snes->norm  = fnorm;
    snes->xnorm = xnorm;
    snes->ynorm = ynorm;
    PetscCall(PetscObjectSAWsGrantAccess((PetscObject)snes));
    PetscCall(SNESLogConvergenceHistory(snes, snes->norm, lits));
    /* Test for convergence, xnorm = || X || */
    if (snes->ops->converged != SNESConvergedSkip) PetscCall(VecNorm(X, NORM_2, &xnorm));
    PetscCall(SNESConverged(snes, snes->iter, xnorm, ynorm, fnorm));
    PetscCall(SNESMonitor(snes, snes->iter, snes->norm));
    if (snes->reason) break;
  }
  /* make sure that the VI information attached to the DM is removed if the for loop above was broken early due to some exceptional conditional */
  PetscCall(DMDestroyVI(snes->dm));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@C
  SNESVISetRedundancyCheck - Provide a function to check for any redundancy in the VI active set

  Logically Collective

  Input Parameters:
+ snes - the `SNESVINEWTONRSLS` context
. func - the function to check of redundancies
- ctx  - optional context used by the function

  Level: advanced

  Note:
  Sometimes the inactive set will result in a singular sub-Jacobian problem that needs to be solved, this allows the user,
  when they know more about their specific problem to provide a function that removes the redundancy that results in the singular linear system

.seealso: [](ch_snes), `SNES`, `SNESVINEWTONRSLS`, `SNESVIGetInactiveSet()`, `DMSetVI()`
 @*/
PetscErrorCode SNESVISetRedundancyCheck(SNES snes, PetscErrorCode (*func)(SNES, IS, IS *, void *), void *ctx)
{
  SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *vi = (SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *)snes->data;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes, SNES_CLASSID, 1);
  vi->checkredundancy = func;
  vi->ctxP            = ctx;
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

#if defined(PETSC_HAVE_MATLAB)
  #include <engine.h>
  #include <mex.h>
typedef struct {
  char    *funcname;
  mxArray *ctx;
} SNESMatlabContext;

PetscErrorCode SNESVIRedundancyCheck_Matlab(SNES snes, IS is_act, IS *is_redact, void *ctx)
{
  SNESMatlabContext *sctx = (SNESMatlabContext *)ctx;
  int                nlhs = 1, nrhs = 5;
  mxArray           *plhs[1], *prhs[5];
  long long int      l1 = 0, l2 = 0, ls = 0;
  PetscInt          *indices = NULL;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(snes, SNES_CLASSID, 1);
  PetscValidHeaderSpecific(is_act, IS_CLASSID, 2);
  PetscAssertPointer(is_redact, 3);
  PetscCheckSameComm(snes, 1, is_act, 2);

  /* Create IS for reduced active set of size 0, its size and indices will
   bet set by the MATLAB function */
  PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)snes), 0, indices, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, is_redact));
  /* call MATLAB function in ctx */
  PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(&ls, &snes, 1));
  PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(&l1, &is_act, 1));
  PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(&l2, is_redact, 1));
  prhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleScalar((double)ls);
  prhs[1] = mxCreateDoubleScalar((double)l1);
  prhs[2] = mxCreateDoubleScalar((double)l2);
  prhs[3] = mxCreateString(sctx->funcname);
  prhs[4] = sctx->ctx;
  PetscCall(mexCallMATLAB(nlhs, plhs, nrhs, prhs, "PetscSNESVIRedundancyCheckInternal"));
  PetscCall(mxGetScalar(plhs[0]));
  mxDestroyArray(prhs[0]);
  mxDestroyArray(prhs[1]);
  mxDestroyArray(prhs[2]);
  mxDestroyArray(prhs[3]);
  mxDestroyArray(plhs[0]);
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

PetscErrorCode SNESVISetRedundancyCheckMatlab(SNES snes, const char *func, mxArray *ctx)
{
  SNESMatlabContext *sctx;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  /* currently sctx is memory bleed */
  PetscCall(PetscNew(&sctx));
  PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(func, &sctx->funcname));
  sctx->ctx = mxDuplicateArray(ctx);
  PetscCall(SNESVISetRedundancyCheck(snes, SNESVIRedundancyCheck_Matlab, sctx));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

#endif

static PetscErrorCode SNESSetUp_VINEWTONRSLS(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *vi = (SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *)snes->data;
  PetscInt          *indices;
  PetscInt           i, n, rstart, rend;
  SNESLineSearch     linesearch;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(SNESSetUp_VI(snes));

  /* Set up previous active index set for the first snes solve
   vi->IS_inact_prev = 0,1,2,....N */

  PetscCall(VecGetOwnershipRange(snes->vec_sol, &rstart, &rend));
  PetscCall(VecGetLocalSize(snes->vec_sol, &n));
  PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(n, &indices));
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) indices[i] = rstart + i;
  PetscCall(ISCreateGeneral(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)snes), n, indices, PETSC_OWN_POINTER, &vi->IS_inact_prev));

  /* set the line search functions */
  if (!snes->linesearch) {
    PetscCall(SNESGetLineSearch(snes, &linesearch));
    PetscCall(SNESLineSearchSetType(linesearch, SNESLINESEARCHBT));
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

static PetscErrorCode SNESReset_VINEWTONRSLS(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *vi = (SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *)snes->data;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(SNESReset_VI(snes));
  PetscCall(ISDestroy(&vi->IS_inact_prev));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*MC
      SNESVINEWTONRSLS - Reduced space active set solvers for variational inequalities based on Newton's method

   Options Database Keys:
+   -snes_type <vinewtonssls,vinewtonrsls> - a semi-smooth solver or a reduced space active set method
-   -snes_vi_monitor                       - prints the number of active constraints at each iteration.

   Level: beginner

   Note:
   At each set of this methods the algorithm produces an inactive set of variables that are constrained to their current values
   (because changing these values would result in those variables no longer satisfying the inequality constraints)
   and produces a step direction by solving the linear system arising from the Jacobian with the inactive variables removed. In other
   words on a reduced space of the solution space. Based on the Newton update it then adjusts the inactive set for the next iteration.

   See {cite}`benson2006flexible`

.seealso: [](ch_snes), `SNESVISetVariableBounds()`, `SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds()`, `SNESCreate()`, `SNES`, `SNESSetType()`, `SNESVINEWTONSSLS`, `SNESNEWTONTR`, `SNESLineSearchSetType()`, `SNESLineSearchSetPostCheck()`, `SNESLineSearchSetPreCheck()`, `SNESVIGetInactiveSet()`, `DMSetVI()`, `SNESVISetRedundancyCheck()`
M*/
PETSC_EXTERN PetscErrorCode SNESCreate_VINEWTONRSLS(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_VINEWTONRSLS *vi;
  SNESLineSearch     linesearch;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  snes->ops->reset          = SNESReset_VINEWTONRSLS;
  snes->ops->setup          = SNESSetUp_VINEWTONRSLS;
  snes->ops->solve          = SNESSolve_VINEWTONRSLS;
  snes->ops->destroy        = SNESDestroy_VI;
  snes->ops->setfromoptions = SNESSetFromOptions_VI;
  snes->ops->view           = NULL;
  snes->ops->converged      = SNESConvergedDefault_VI;

  snes->usesksp = PETSC_TRUE;
  snes->usesnpc = PETSC_FALSE;

  PetscCall(SNESGetLineSearch(snes, &linesearch));
  if (!((PetscObject)linesearch)->type_name) PetscCall(SNESLineSearchSetType(linesearch, SNESLINESEARCHBT));
  PetscCall(SNESLineSearchBTSetAlpha(linesearch, 0.0));

  snes->alwayscomputesfinalresidual = PETSC_TRUE;

  PetscCall(SNESParametersInitialize(snes));

  PetscCall(PetscNew(&vi));
  snes->data          = (void *)vi;
  vi->checkredundancy = NULL;

  PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)snes, "SNESVISetVariableBounds_C", SNESVISetVariableBounds_VI));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)snes, "SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds_C", SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds_VI));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}
