#include <petsc/private/matimpl.h> /*I "petscmat.h" I*/

static PetscErrorCode MatMult_Centering(Mat A, Vec xx, Vec yy)
{
  PetscScalar       *y;
  const PetscScalar *x;
  PetscScalar        sum, mean;
  PetscInt           i, m = A->rmap->n, size;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(VecSum(xx, &sum));
  PetscCall(VecGetSize(xx, &size));
  mean = sum / (PetscScalar)size;
  PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(xx, &x));
  PetscCall(VecGetArray(yy, &y));
  for (i = 0; i < m; i++) y[i] = x[i] - mean;
  PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(xx, &x));
  PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(yy, &y));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}

/*@
  MatCreateCentering - Creates a new matrix object that implements the (symmetric and idempotent) centering matrix, I - (1/N) * ones*ones'

  Collective

  Input Parameters:
+ comm - MPI communicator
. n    - number of local rows (or `PETSC_DECIDE` to have calculated if `N` is given)
           This value should be the same as the local size used in creating the
           y vector for the matrix-vector product y = Ax.
- N    - number of global rows (or `PETSC_DETERMINE` to have calculated if `n` is given)

  Output Parameter:
. C - the matrix

  Notes:
  The entries of the matrix `C` are not explicitly stored. Instead, the new matrix
  object is a shell that simply performs the action of the centering matrix, i.e.,
  multiplying C*x subtracts the mean of the vector x from each of its elements.
  This is useful for preserving sparsity when mean-centering the columns of a
  matrix is required. For instance, to perform principal components analysis with
  a matrix A, the composite matrix C*A can be passed to a partial SVD solver.

  Level: intermediate

.seealso: [](ch_matrices), `Mat`, `MatCreateLRC()`, `MatCreateComposite()`
@*/
PetscErrorCode MatCreateCentering(MPI_Comm comm, PetscInt n, PetscInt N, Mat *C)
{
  PetscMPIInt size;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  PetscCall(MatCreate(comm, C));
  PetscCall(MatSetSizes(*C, n, n, N, N));
  PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
  PetscCall(PetscObjectChangeTypeName((PetscObject)*C, MATCENTERING));

  (*C)->ops->mult                   = MatMult_Centering;
  (*C)->assembled                   = PETSC_TRUE;
  (*C)->preallocated                = PETSC_TRUE;
  (*C)->symmetric                   = PETSC_BOOL3_TRUE;
  (*C)->symmetry_eternal            = PETSC_TRUE;
  (*C)->structural_symmetry_eternal = PETSC_TRUE;
  PetscCall(MatSetUp(*C));
  PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
}
