.. _plugin-supersampling:

===============
 Supersampling
===============

Every monitoring software has a polling rate. It is usually 5 min,
because it's the sweet spot that enables frequent updates yet still
having a low overhead.

Munin is not different in that respect: it's data fetching routines
have to be launched every 5 min, otherwise you'll face data loss.
And this 5 min period is deeply grained in the code. So changing it is
possible, but very tedious and error prone.

But sometimes we need a very fine sampling rate. Every 10 seconds
enables us to track fast changing metrics that would be averaged out
otherwise. Changing the whole polling process to cope with a 10s
period is very hard on hardware, since now every update has to finish
in these 10 seconds.

This triggered an extension in the plugin protocol, commonly known as
"supersampling".

Overview
========

The basic idea is that fine precision should only be for selected
plugins only. It also cannot be triggered from the master, since the
overhead would be way too big.

So, we just let the plugin sample itself the values at a rate it feels
adequate. Then each polling round, the master fetches all the samples
since last poll.

This enables various constructions, mostly around "streaming" plugins
to achieve highly detailed sampling with a very small overhead.

Notes
-----

This protocol is currently completely transparent to :ref:`munin-node
<node-index>`, and therefore it means that it can be used even on
older (1.x) nodes. Only a 2.0 :ref:`master <master-index>` is
required.

Protocol details
================

The protocol itself is derived from the :ref:`spoolfetch` extension.

Config
------

A new plugin directive is used, :ref:`update_rate`. It enables the
master to create the rrd with an adequate step.

Omitting it would lead to rrd averaging the supersampled values onto
the default 5 min rate. This means **data loss**.

.. note:: Heartbeat

  The heartbeat has always a 2 step size, so failure to send all the
  samples will result with unknown values, as expected.

.. note:: Data size

  The RRD file size is always the same in the default config, as all
  the RRA are configured proportionally to the :ref:`update_rate`.
  This means that, since you'll keep as much data as with the default,
  you keep it for a shorter time.

Fetch
-----

When spoolfetching, the epoch is also sent in front of the value.
Supersampling is then just a matter of sending multiple epoch/value
lines, with monotonically increasing epoch.

.. note::

  Note that since the epoch is an integer value for rrdtool_, the
  smallest granularity is 1 second. For the time being, the protocol
  itself does also mandates integers. We can easily imagine that with
  another database as backend, an extension could be hacked together.

.. _rrdtool: http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc/rrdtool.en.html

Compatibility with 1.4
======================

On older 1.4 masters, only the last sampled value gets into the RRD.

Sample implementation
=====================

The canonical sample implementation is multicpu1sec_, a contrib plugin
on github. It is also a so-called streaming plugin.

.. _multicpu1sec: https://github.com/munin-monitoring/contrib/blob/master/plugins/cpu/multicpu1sec

Streaming plugins
=================

These plugins fork a background process when called that streams a
system tool into a spool file. In multicpu1sec_, it is the mpstat_ tool
with a period of 1 second.

.. _mpstat: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpstat

Undersampling
=============

Some plugins are on the opposite side of the spectrum, as they only
need a lower precision.

It makes sense when :

* data should be kept for a *very* long time
* data is *very* expensive to generate and it varies only slowly.
