## DESCRIPTION

v.proj allows a user to convert a vector map in a specified mapset of a specified project (different from current) with coordinate reference system (CRS) of source project to the vector map in a current mapset of current project with CRS of current project (both CRSs are defined in their corresponding projects). The CRS information can be viewed and managed with g.proj.

For an introduction to map CRSs (and the PROJ library), see the manual page of r.proj.

## NOTES

If output is not specified it is set to be the same as input map name.
If mapset is not specified, its name is assumed to be the same as the current mapset's name.
If dbase is not specified it is assumed to be the current database. The user only has to specify dbase if the source project is stored in another separate GRASS database.
If smax is set to 0 the automated vertex densification is disabled (not recommended).

v.proj supports general datum transformations, making use of the PROJ co-ordinate system translation library.

When projecting into a latlon project, east coordinates are wrapped by the proj4 library to fit into the range -180,180. This is in most cases appropriate, but can cause errors the input vector crosses the datum line at 180E/W. In this case wrapping of east coordinates to -180,180 needs to be disabled with the -w flag.

When reprojecting massive point clouds for which topology is not necessary, the user can set the -b flag to suppress the building of topology of the output map.

In order to preserve spatial detail, v.proj performs automated vertex densification (as an alternative, v.split could be used before reprojecting. Without vertex densification, depending on the source and target CRS (Coordinate Reference System), geometries can be substantially deformed (straight lines become curves, squares become trapezoids, etc). The densification of linear features can help to avoid topological errors.

## EXAMPLE

Reprojection of a vector map from another project (and mapset) into the current mapset:

    v.proj in=mymap project=latlong mapset=user1

## REFERENCES

1. Evenden, G.I. (1990) Cartographic projection procedures for the UNIX environment - a user's manual. USGS Open-File Report 90-284 (OF90-284.pdf) See also there: Interim Report and 2nd Interim Report on Release 4, Evenden 1994).
2. Richards, John A. (1993), Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2nd edition.

PROJ: Projection/datum support library.

Further reading

- ASPRS Grids and Datum
- Projections Transform List (PROJ)
- Coordinate operations by PROJ (projections, conversions, transformations, pipeline operator)
- MapRef - The Collection of Map Projections and Reference Systems for Europe
- Information and Service System for European Coordinate Reference Systems - CRS

## SEE ALSO

g.proj, m.proj, r.proj, i.rectify, r.stats, v.sample, v.split, v.surf.idw, v.surf.rst

## AUTHORS

Irina Kosinovsky, US ARMY CERL
M.L. Holko, USDA, SCS, NHQ-CGIS
R.L. Glenn, USDA, SCS, NHQ-CGIS