///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Free42 -- an HP-42S calculator simulator
// Copyright (C) 2004-2025  Thomas Okken
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2,
// as published by the Free Software Foundation.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <math.h>

// We want to be able to run even if libasound is not present, so we have to
// link it manually using dlopen() and dlsym(). These are the functions we are
// going to need; the pointer names are the same as the actual function names
// in libasound, with _dl_ prefixed.
static int libasound_state = 0; // 0=closed, 1=open, 2=missing

typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_close)(snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_format_big_endian)(snd_pcm_format_t format);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_format_physical_width)(snd_pcm_format_t format);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_format_unsigned)(snd_pcm_format_t format);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_format_width)(snd_pcm_format_t format);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc)(snd_pcm_hw_params_t **ptr);
typedef void (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_free)(snd_pcm_hw_params_t *obj);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_any)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size)(const snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_uframes_t *val);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_access_t _access);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_uframes_t *val);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int val);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_format_t val);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val, int *dir);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_open)(snd_pcm_t **pcm, const char *name, snd_pcm_stream_t stream, int mode);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_prepare)(snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_resume)(snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc)(snd_pcm_sw_params_t **ptr);
typedef void (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_free)(snd_pcm_sw_params_t *obj);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_current)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary)(const snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_uframes_t *val);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_uframes_t val);
typedef int (*_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, snd_pcm_uframes_t val);
typedef snd_pcm_sframes_t (*_ptr_snd_pcm_writei)(snd_pcm_t *pcm, const void *buffer, snd_pcm_uframes_t size);
typedef const char *(*_ptr_snd_strerror)(int errnum);

_ptr_snd_pcm_close _dl_snd_pcm_close;
_ptr_snd_pcm_format_big_endian _dl_snd_pcm_format_big_endian;
_ptr_snd_pcm_format_physical_width _dl_snd_pcm_format_physical_width;
_ptr_snd_pcm_format_unsigned _dl_snd_pcm_format_unsigned;
_ptr_snd_pcm_format_width _dl_snd_pcm_format_width;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_free _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_free;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_any _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_any;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format;
_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
_ptr_snd_pcm_open _dl_snd_pcm_open;
_ptr_snd_pcm_prepare _dl_snd_pcm_prepare;
_ptr_snd_pcm_resume _dl_snd_pcm_resume;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_free _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_free;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_current _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_current;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size;
_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold;
_ptr_snd_pcm_writei _dl_snd_pcm_writei;
_ptr_snd_strerror _dl_snd_strerror;

#define TDIFF(begin,end) (((double)(end.tv_sec - begin.tv_sec)*1000.0) + ((end.tv_usec - begin.tv_usec)/1000.0))

static unsigned int audio_sample_rate = 22050;
static snd_pcm_format_t audio_format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
static const char *audio_device = "default";
static int audio_channels = 1;

static snd_pcm_t *playback_handle = NULL;
static bool audio_initialized = false;
static snd_pcm_uframes_t buffer_size;

static struct timeval last_use;

static pthread_mutex_t closer_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static pthread_cond_t closer_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
static pthread_t closer_thread;

static int audio_set_hw_params(snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params) {
    int err;
    snd_pcm_uframes_t size;

    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_any (playback_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot initialize hardware parameter structure (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }
    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access (playback_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set access type (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }
    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format (playback_handle, hw_params, audio_format)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample format (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }
    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near (playback_handle, hw_params, &audio_sample_rate, 0)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample rate (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }
    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels (playback_handle, hw_params, audio_channels)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set channel count (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }
    // set audio buffer size to about 125ms
    buffer_size = (audio_sample_rate + 7) / 8;
    if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near(playback_handle, hw_params, &buffer_size)) < 0) {
        printf("Unable to set buffer size %li for playback: %s\n", buffer_size, _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return err;
    }
    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params (playback_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set parameters (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }
    if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size(hw_params, &size)) < 0) {
        printf("Unable to get buffer size for playback: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return err;
    }
    buffer_size = size;
    return 0;
}

static int audio_set_sw_params(snd_pcm_sw_params_t *sw_params) {
    int err;
    snd_pcm_uframes_t boundary;

    /* get the current swparams */
    if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_current(playback_handle, sw_params)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine current swparams for playback: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return err;
    }
    if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold(playback_handle, sw_params, 0)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set silence threshold for playback: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return err;
    }
    if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary(sw_params, &boundary)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "unable to get ring pointer boundary for playback: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return err;
    }
    if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size(playback_handle, sw_params, boundary)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set silence size playback: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return err;
    }
    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params (playback_handle, sw_params)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sw parameters (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
        return err;
    }

    return 0;
}

static void *closer(void *) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&closer_mutex);
    while (true) {
        struct timespec when;
        when.tv_sec = last_use.tv_sec + 5;
        when.tv_nsec = last_use.tv_usec * 1000L;
        struct timeval now;
        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
        if (when.tv_sec < now.tv_sec || when.tv_sec == now.tv_sec && when.tv_nsec < now.tv_usec * 1000L)
            break;
        pthread_cond_timedwait(&closer_cond, &closer_mutex, &when);
    }
    _dl_snd_pcm_close(playback_handle);
    audio_initialized = false;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&closer_mutex);
    return NULL;
}

static bool open_libasound() {
    void *lib = dlopen(ALSALIB, RTLD_NOW);
    if (lib == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open " ALSALIB "\nusing gdk_beep() for BEEP and TONE.\n");
        return false;
    }
    _dl_snd_pcm_close = (_ptr_snd_pcm_close) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_close");
    _dl_snd_pcm_format_big_endian = (_ptr_snd_pcm_format_big_endian) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_format_big_endian");
    _dl_snd_pcm_format_physical_width = (_ptr_snd_pcm_format_physical_width) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_format_physical_width");
    _dl_snd_pcm_format_unsigned = (_ptr_snd_pcm_format_unsigned) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_format_unsigned");
    _dl_snd_pcm_format_width = (_ptr_snd_pcm_format_width) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_format_width");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_free = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_free) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_free");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_any = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_any) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_any");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format");
    _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near = (_ptr_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near");
    _dl_snd_pcm_open = (_ptr_snd_pcm_open) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_open");
    _dl_snd_pcm_prepare = (_ptr_snd_pcm_prepare) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_prepare");
    _dl_snd_pcm_resume = (_ptr_snd_pcm_resume) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_resume");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_free = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_free) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params_free");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_current = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_current) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params_current");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size");
    _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold = (_ptr_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold");
    _dl_snd_pcm_writei = (_ptr_snd_pcm_writei) dlsym(lib, "snd_pcm_writei");
    _dl_snd_strerror = (_ptr_snd_strerror) dlsym(lib, "snd_strerror");

    if (dlerror() == NULL)
        return true;
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not load all required symbols from " ALSALIB "\nusing gdk_beep() for BEEP and TONE.\n");
    dlclose(lib);
    return false;
}

static bool audio_init() {
    if (libasound_state == 0)
        libasound_state = open_libasound() ? 1 : 2;
    if (libasound_state == 2)
        return false;

    if (audio_initialized)
        return true;

    int err;

    if ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_open(&playback_handle, audio_device, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) == 0) {
        snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params;
        _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc(&hw_params);
        err = audio_set_hw_params(hw_params);
        _dl_snd_pcm_hw_params_free(hw_params);
        if (err < 0) {
            _dl_snd_pcm_close(playback_handle);
            goto fail;
        }

        snd_pcm_sw_params_t *sw_params;
        _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc(&sw_params);
        err = audio_set_sw_params(sw_params);
        _dl_snd_pcm_sw_params_free(sw_params);
        if (err < 0) {
            _dl_snd_pcm_close(playback_handle);
            goto fail;
        }
    } else {
        fail:
        fprintf (stderr, "cannot open audio device %s (%s)\n", audio_device, _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return false;
    }

    audio_initialized = true;

    pthread_create(&closer_thread, NULL, closer, NULL);
    return true;
}

static int xrun_recovery(snd_pcm_t *handle, int err)
{
    if (err == -EPIPE) {    /* under-run */
        err = _dl_snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
        if (err < 0)
            fprintf(stderr, "Can't recovery from underrun, prepare failed: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        return 0;
    } else if (err == -ESTRPIPE) {
        while ((err = _dl_snd_pcm_resume(handle)) == -EAGAIN)
            sleep(1);       /* wait until the suspend flag is released */
        if (err < 0) {
            err = _dl_snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
            if (err < 0)
                fprintf(stderr, "Can't recovery from suspend, prepare failed: %s\n", _dl_snd_strerror(err));
        }
        return 0;
    }
    return err;
}

bool alsa_beeper(int frequency, int duration) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&closer_mutex);
    if(!audio_init()) {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&closer_mutex);
        return false;
    }

    /* roughly benchmark the function so that we can return only after the
     * sound has been played */
    struct timeval begin, end;
    gettimeofday(&begin, NULL);

    int format_bits = _dl_snd_pcm_format_width(audio_format);
    unsigned int maxval = (1 << (format_bits - 1)) - 1;
    int bps = format_bits / 8;
    int phys_bps = _dl_snd_pcm_format_physical_width(audio_format) / 8;
    int big_endian = _dl_snd_pcm_format_big_endian(audio_format) == 1;
    int to_unsigned = _dl_snd_pcm_format_unsigned(audio_format) == 1;
    int numSamples = duration * audio_sample_rate / 1000;
    int bufferSize, err, x;
    char *buffer, *p;

    bufferSize = numSamples * audio_channels * phys_bps;
    buffer = (char *)malloc(bufferSize);
    if(buffer != NULL) {
        // generate a triangle waveform
        p = buffer;
        for(x = 0; x < numSamples; x++) {
            int res, i, chn;
            double v;

            v = fmod(((double) x) / audio_sample_rate * frequency, 1);
            if (v >= 0.75)
                v -= 1;
            else if (v >= 0.25)
                v = 0.5 - v;
            res = (int) (v * maxval);
            if (to_unsigned)
                res ^= 1U << (format_bits - 1);
            for(chn = 0; chn < audio_channels; chn ++) {
                if (big_endian) {
                    for (i = 0; i < bps; i++)
                        *(p + phys_bps - 1 - i) = (res >> i * 8) & 0xff;
                } else {
                    for (i = 0; i < bps; i++)
                        *(p + i)  = (res >>  i * 8) & 0xff;
                }
                p += phys_bps;
            }
        }

        /* play the waveform */
        p = buffer;
        while(numSamples > 0) {
            if((err = _dl_snd_pcm_writei (playback_handle, p, numSamples)) < 0) {
                if(err == -EAGAIN) {
                    continue;
                }
                if((err = xrun_recovery(playback_handle, err)) < 0) {
                    fprintf (stderr, "write to audio interface failed (%s)\n", _dl_snd_strerror (err));
                    break;
                }
            }
            else {
                numSamples -= err;
                p += err * phys_bps * audio_channels;
            }
        }

        free(buffer);

        gettimeofday(&end, NULL);
        duration -= (int) TDIFF(begin, end);
        if(duration > 0) usleep(duration * 1000);
    }

    gettimeofday(&last_use, NULL);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&closer_mutex);
    return true;
}
